Table 2. Occurrence of pumiliotoxins (PTX), allopumiliotoxins (aPTX), and a homopumiliotoxin (hPTX) as major and minor alkaloids in extracts from bufonid, mantelid, and myobatrachid poison frog.

			Pumiliotoxins
			hPTX	PTX	aPTX	PTX	PTX	PTX	PTX	PTX	PTX	aPTX	aPTX
Family, genus, and species	Location	Year	223G	251D	267A	267C	307A	307F	307G	309A	323A	323B	325A
Bufonidae
Melanophryniscus	South America
montavidarais	La Coronilla, Roche, Uraguay	1987		•
moraires	Serra de Mantiguenra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	1979				•						○
emsstalanari	Tanti, Córdoba, Argentina	1989		•
Mantellidae
Mantella	Madagascar
aurantiaca	N. Andasibe	1989				○	○				•	○
baroni	N. Andasibe	1989					○	○		•			○
	E. Andasibe	1993						○	○	•			○
	S. Moramango	1989					○			○			•
	An' Ala	1993						○		•	○
	Ranomafana	1993						○		•	○
	Sahavondrona	1993		○				○		•
betsileo	Farakaraina	1993	○	○					•
cowani	Antoetra	1993		•		○			○
crocea	N. Andasibe	1989				•	•				○	•
expectata	Isalo	1993		•			○
laevigata	Nosy Mangabe	1993							•
pulchra	Ambavala	1990				○
	An' Ala	1993		○			○	○		•		○	○
viridis	Montagne des Francais	1994					•				○
Myobatrachidae
Pseudophryne	Australia
australis	Pearl Beach, New South Wales	1989									•
bibroni	Nortin Summit, South Australia	2000				•
coriacea	Daisy Hill, Queensland	1987										•
corroboree	Round Mtn, New South Wales	1989				○					•	○
pengilley	Yarrangobilly, New South Wales	1987				○					○
semimarmorata	Holy Plains State Park, Victoria	1999				•

•, Major (>50 μg per 100 mg of skin); ○, minor (>5 μg per 100 mg of skin). Only major and minor alkaloids from each species/population are tabulated. Other extracts containing only minor or trace amounts of pumiliotoxins are not reported. For structures see Fig. 3 and references. Data are from refs. 10, 11, and 15.