Table 3. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of PCOS women according to androstenedione/free testosterone-ratio quartiles.
Androstenedione/free testosterone-ratio quartiles | ||||||||
quartile 1 (<0.75) | quartile 2 (0.75–1.05) | quartile 3 (1.06–1.47) | quartile 4 (>1.47) | |||||
(n = 176) | (n = 177) | (n = 177) | (n = 176) | |||||
Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |
Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
Age (years) | 27 | 23–33 | 27 | 24–31 | 26 | 23–31 | 27 | 23–30 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 | 24–35.3 | 25.5a | 23.1–30.4 | 22.3b , d | 20.5–27.0 | 21.6c , e | 20–30 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 94 | 82–112 | 85a | 79–96 | 80b , d | 72–88 | 73c , e | 69–82 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.85 | 0.78–0.95 | 0.81 | 0.76–0.89 | 0.78b , d | 0.74–0.84 | 0.75c , e | 0.71–0.81 |
Total body fat (%) | 25.8 | 23.6–28.8 | 26.8 | 24.3–30.4 | 23.4b , d | 19.8–26.1 | 23.9e | 17.0–29.1 |
Fat mass (kg) | 21.8 | 17.3–26.5 | 19.6 | 16.1–23.3 | 15.0b , d | 11.4–18.8 | 13.8c , e | 10.7–19.6 |
Subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (kg) | 17.4 | 14.5–20.8 | 16.5 | 13.9–19.3 | 12.6b , d | 10.1–17.1 | 12.4c , e | 8.0–17.4 |
Visceral adipose tissue mass (kg) | 3.5 | 2.2–5.9 | 2.7 | 1.8–4.0 | 1.8b | 1.4–2.8 | 1.9c | 1.3–2.7 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 122 | 110–139 | 120 | 110–128 | 114b | 105–125 | 115c | 109–125 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 85 | 74–96 | 80 | 74–87 | 76b | 70–84 | 80c | 72–87 |
Ferriman-Gallwey score | 9 | 4.0–13 | 7 | 3.0–11.0 | 5 b | 2.0–9.0 | 5 | 2.0–10.0 |
Metabolic characteristics | ||||||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.8 | 4.5–5.2 | 4.7 | 4.3–5.1 | 4.6b | 4.3–5.0 | 4.7c | 4.4–5.0 |
2 h glucose (mmol/l) | 5.9 | 5.1–7.1 | 5.6 | 4.7–6.5 | 5.2b , d | 4.1–5.9 | 5.2c | 4.4–6.5 |
AUCgluc | 186.6 | 159.5–211.8 | 176.6 | 151–208.8 | 168.8b | 148.8–192.5 | 169c | 151.8–194.8 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.2 | 5–5.4 | 5.1a | 5.0–5.3 | 5.1b | 5.0–5.3 | 5.1c | 4.9–5.3 |
Fasting insulin (µU/ml) | 8.6 | 5.9–14.3 | 6.7 | 4.3–10.5 | 5.2b | 3.1–8.5 | 5c , e | 3.0–7.5 |
Insulin 2 h (µU/ml) | 47.4 | 23.5–91.3 | 39.6 | 23–59.5 | 26.4b | 17.8–48.8 | 28.7c , e | 18.8–45.1 |
AUCins | 80.2 | 50.2–124.5 | 70.4 | 54.8–92.4 | 53.1b | 35.9–75.6 | 48.4c , e | 35.2–74.7 |
HOMA-IR | 1.9 | 1.2–3.4 | 1.3a | 0.9–2.3 | 1.0b , d | 0.6–1.8 | 1.1c , e | 0.6–1.6 |
QUICKI | 0.35 | 0.32–0.37 | 0.37 | 0.34–0.39 | 0.38b | 0.35–0.42 | 0.38c | 0.35–0.41 |
MATSUDA-index | 4.9 | 2.6–8.5 | 6.2 | 4.1–9 | 8.7b | 5.9–11.6 | 8.6c , e | 5.6–12.9 |
Oral disposition index | 2.4 | 1.4–4.4 | 2.7 | 1.5–5.1 | 2.8 | 1.7–6.1 | 2.4 | 1.4–4.2 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.9a | 0.6–1.2 | 0.8b | 0.6–11 | 0.8c | 0.6–1 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.6 | 4.0–5.2 | 4.6 | 4–5.1 | 4.5 | 4–5.2 | 4.6 | 4.1–5.1 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.6 | 2.4–3.3 | 2.6 | 2.1–2.9 | 2.4 | 2.1–3 | 2.4 | 2.1–2.9 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 | 1.2–1.7 | 1.6a | 1.3–1.9 | 1.8 b , d | 1.6–2.1 | 1.8c , e | 1.6–2.2 |
TC/HDL cholesterol-ratio | 3.4 | 2.6–3.9 | 2.8a | 2.3–3.4 | 2.6b , d | 2.1–2.9 | 2.5c , e | 2.1–3.1 |
IR (%) | 38.7 | 23.5a | 15.7b | 11.2c , e | ||||
Prediabetes/T2DM (%) | 24.2 | 13.7 | 4.0b , d | 14.6f | ||||
MS (%) | 25.1 | 15.5 | 3.0b , d | 5.1c , e | ||||
Endocrine characteristics | ||||||||
Testosterone (nmol/l) | 2.3 | 1.9–3.1 | 2.1a | 1.7–2.7 | 2.2b | 1.6–2.8 | 1.9c | 1.4–2.6 |
Free testosterone (pmol/l) | 14 | 10.0–18 | 10a | 7.0–13.0 | 9b | 6.5–11.0 | 6.0c , e , f | 4.0–9 |
FAI | 8.7 | 5.6–12.7 | 5.3a | 3.7–7.6 | 4.3b , d | 3.2–6 | 2.9c , e , f | 1.8–4.6 |
SHBG (nmol/l) | 27.5 | 20.6–40 | 43.1a | 30.3–54.9 | 52.5b , d | 37.8–65.4 | 63.2c , e , f | 46.3–92.5 |
Androstenedione (nmol/l) | 7.7 | 5.8–9.7 | 9a | 6.5–11.9 | 10.9b , d | 8–14.5 | 13.4c , e , f | 9.5–19.8 |
DHEAS (µmol/l) | 5 | 3.5–6.6 | 5.5 | 3.4–7.2 | 5.2 | 4–7.4 | 5.4 | 4.0–7.4 |
p<0.01 quartile 1 vs quartile 2.
p<0.01 quartile 1 vs. quartile 3.
p<0.01 quartile 1 vs quartile 4.
p<0.01 quartile 2 vs. quartile 3.
p<0.01 quartile 2 vs. quartile 4.
p<0.01 quartile 3 vs. quartile 4.
Comparisons between groups were performed using ANOVA or χ2-test.
PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, AUC area under the curve, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, MS metabolic syndrome, FAI free androgen index, SHBG sex-hormone binding globulin, DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate.