Table 4.
Associations between clinical factors and AHA type-VI lesions (N=214).
| AHA type-VI lesion |
Model 1 (Univariate) |
Model 2 (Age-adjusted) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Present (N=23) |
Absent (N=191) |
Odds Ratio* | (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio* |
(95% CI) | p-Value |
| Age (years) | 71 ± 6 | 60 ± 8 | 2.6 | (1.8, 3.9) | <0.001 | - | - | |
|
| ||||||||
| Male | 20 (87%) | 155 (81%) | 1.5 | (0.4, 5.5) | 0.50 | 3.5 | (0.9, 14.3) | 0.081 |
| Female | 3 (13%) | 36 (19%) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| White | 23 (100%) | 164 (86%) | ∞ | - | 0.085‡ | - | - | |
| Non-white/Other | 0 (0%) | 26 (14%) | (ref) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 0 (0%) | 10 (5%) | 0 | - | 0.61‡ | - | - | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 23 (100%) | 180 (95%) | (ref) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Duration of statin therapy | 0.016 | 0.19 | ||||||
| None or <1 year | 1 (5%) | 57 (30%) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||
| 1 - 5 years | 6 (29%) | 70 (37%) | 4.9 | (0.6, 42) | 3.3 | (0.3, 31.5) | ||
| >5 years | 14 (67%) | 61 (32%) | 13 | (1.7, 103) | 6.1 | (0.7, 53.1) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Prior cerebrovascular disease | 9 (39%) | 25 (13%) | 4.3 | (1.7, 11) | 0.002 | 4.1 | (1.4, 12.4) | 0.011 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 5 (22%) | 16 (8%) | 3.0 | (1.0, 9.3) | 0.051 | 2.2 | (0.6, 7.8) | 0.21 |
| Carotid disease | 8 (35%) | 15 (8%) | 6.3 | (2.3, 17) | <0.001 | 7.2 | (2.1, 24.9) | 0.002 |
|
| ||||||||
| Hypertension | 21 (91%) | 157 (82%) | 2.3 | (0.5, 10) | 0.28 | 2.2 | (0.4, 11.0) | 0.34 |
| Smoker | 18 (78%) | 133 (70%) | 1.6 | (0.6, 4.4) | 0.39 | 2.6 | (0.8, 8.3) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (22%) | 48 (25%) | 0.8 | (0.3, 2.3) | 0.72 | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.9) | 0.36 |
| Metabolic syndrome (+) | 15 (68%) | 160 (84%) | 0.4 | (0.2, 1.1) | 0.078 | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.8) | 0.019 |
|
| ||||||||
| Body mass index (kg / m2) | 29 ± 4 | 30 ± 5 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.1) | 0.13 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.4) | 0.47 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 ± 17 | 127 ± 17 | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) | 0.099 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.9) | 0.70 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 10 | 75 ± 10 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | 0.78 | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.1) | 0.42 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 147 | 143 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.8) | 0.42 | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) | 0.95 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 107 | 107 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.8) | 0.49 | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) | 0.94 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 74 | 73 | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.3) | 0.096 | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.3) | 0.31 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 36 ± 5 | 35 ± 6 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 0.42 | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.4) | 0.55 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)† | 133 | 162 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.1) | 0.11 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.1) | 0.079 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dl)† | 116 | 32 | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.4) | 0.13 | 2.0 | (1.1, 3.6) | 0.019 |
| ApoB (mg/dl) | 92 ± 22 | 85 ± 23 | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 0.23 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.8) | 0.58 |
| ApoA1 (mg/dl) | 123 ± 14 | 121 ± 17 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.7) | 0.64 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.4) | 0.50 |
| %Wall volume (%)† | 52 | 40 | 5.4 | (2.8, 10) | <0.001 | 4.6 | (2.3, 9.1) | <0.001 |
Data for AHA type-IV lesion present and absent groups are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median or n (%);
Model 2: each variable adjusted for age. Other covariates were not included due to small number of AHA type VI lesions;
(ref) = reference category;
*
For continuous variables, the odds ratio is scaled to correspond to the effect of a 1 standard deviation increase, except age which is presented per a 5 year increase;
†
Log-transformed in models 1 and 2 to reduce right-skewness;
‡
Fisher’s exact test because of a zero or infinite odds ratio estimate.