Table 2.
Incidence and adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular events according to psychosocial factors
| Educational level* | Social support in the household | Diagnosis of depression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High education | Low education | Live with other | Live alone | No | Yes | |
| (N = 1646) | (N = 5617) | (N = 6535) | (N = 728) | (N = 5954) | (N = 1309) | |
| Person-year of follow-up | 7069,0 | 24280,89 | 28287,36 | 3062,56 | 25751,12 | 5598,79 |
| Composite primary cardiovascular event | ||||||
| Number of events | 56 | 224 | 257 | 23 | 248 | 32 |
| Crude Rate/1000 person-year (95% CI) | 7.9 (5.8–10.0) | 9.2 (8.0–10.4) | 9.1 (8.0–10.2) | 7.5 (4.4–10.6) | 9.6 (8.4–10.8) | 5.7 (3.7–7.7) |
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)†‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.16 (0.85–1.57) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.85 (0.54–1.32) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) |
| p-value | 0.351 | 0.458 | 0.155 | |||
| Myocardial Infarction | ||||||
| Number of events | 24 | 79 | 95 | 8 | 90 | 13 |
| Crude Rate/1000 person-year (95% CI) | 3.4 (2.0–4.8) | 3.3 (2.5–4.0) | 3.4 (2.7–4.0) | 2.6 (0.8–4.4) | 3.5 (2.8–4.2) | 2.3 (1.1–3.6) |
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)†‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.10 (0.69–1.78) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.01 (0.48–2.12) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.49–1.62) |
| p-value | 0.686 | 0.980 | 0.699 | |||
| Stroke | ||||||
| Number of events | 17 | 119 | 127 | 9 | 121 | 15 |
| Crude Rate/1000 person-year (95% CI) | 2.4 (1.3–3.5) | 4.9 (4.0–5.8) | 4.5 (3.7–5.3) | 2.9 (1.0–4.9) | 4.7 (3.9–5.5) | 2.7 (1.3–4.0) |
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)†‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.83 (1.09–3.09) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.56 (0.28–1.12) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.66 (0.38–1.15) |
| p-value | 0.023 | 0.102 | 0.145 | |||
| Cardiovascular Death | ||||||
| Number of events | 25 | 58 | 73 | 10 | 73 | 10 |
| Crude Rate/1000 person-year (95% CI) | 3.5 (2.2–4.9) | 2.4 (1.8–3.0) | 2.6 (2.0–3.2) | 3.3 (1.2–5.3) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 1.8 (0.7–2.9) |
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)†‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.63 (0.38–1.03) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.21 (0.60–2.46) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.93 (0.47–1.84) |
| p-value | 0.064 | 0.598 | 0.832 | |||
*High education means university studies or secondary school; Low education: up to primary studies.
†Multivariable models were adjusted by: age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, body-mass index, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and family history of premature coronary heart disease, and type Mediterranean diet intervention.
‡Test of proportional-hazard assumption (p-value based on the scaled Schoenfeld residuals): Composite primary cardiovascular event model (specific p-value for Educational level: 0.529, Social support: 0.765 and Depression: 0.877); Myocardial infarction model (0.611, 0.717 and 0.914); Stroke model (p-values = 0.204, 0.598 and 0.411); Cardiovascular death model (p-values = 0.810, 0.831 and 0.129).