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. 2014 Jun 6;1(1):e000020. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2013-000020

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The CHA₍₂₎DS₂-(VASc) stroke risk and HAS-BLED bleeding risk index are calculated by totalling the scores for each risk factor present.^68–71 The lower graph shows the expected stroke rate /100 patient (pt)-years, stratified by CHADS₂ score in patients with AF not taking warfarin. Gage (2001): adjusted stroke rates/100 pt-years, assuming that aspirin was not taken⁶⁸; Gage (2004): stroke rates/100 pt-years of aspirin⁶⁹; Olesen (2011): event rates of hospital admission and death due to thromboembolism in patients with AF not taking warfarin.⁷⁰ AF, atrial fibrillation; CHF, congestive heart failure; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; INR, international normalised ratio.