Table 4.
Intermediate/long-term outcome data following percutaneous LAA occlusion
| Reference | Patients (n) | CHADS2 (mean) | Follow-up (m, mean) | Stroke | Observed annual stroke rate (%) | Expected annual stroke rate (∼CHADS2)* |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref (%) | Gage (%) | w/OAC (%) | ||||||
| PLAATO | ||||||||
| Sievert et al75 | 15 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hanna et al76 | 11 | 2.4 | 6 | – | – | – | 4.8 | 1.9 |
| Ostermayer et al77 | 111 | 2.5 | 10 | 2/108 | 2.2 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| El-Chami et al78 | 11 | 3.3 | 36 | 1/11 | 3.0 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 2.7 |
| De Meester (2008)79 | 10 | 3.3 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 2.7 |
| Ussia et al80 | 20 | 3.0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 2.4 |
| Park et al81 | 73 | 2.5 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| Block et al82 | 64 | 2.6 | 45 | 9/64 | 3.8 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 2.1 |
| Bayard et al83 | 180 | 3.1 | 10 | 3/180 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 2.5 |
| Viles-Gonzalez et al64 | 22 | 3.6 | 58 | 4/22 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 3.0 |
| Watchman | ||||||||
| Sick et al84 | 66 | 1.8 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
| Reddy et al99 | 463 (PAF) | 2.2 | 28 | 24/463 | 2.3 | (2.7) | 4.4 | 1.8 |
| Gangireddy et al26 | 566 (CAP) | 2.4 | 16 | 11/566 | 1.5 | – | 4.8 | 1.9 |
| Kim et al85 | 5 | 3.2 | 2 | – | – | – | 6.4 | 2.6 |
| Swaans et al86 | 10 | 2.8 | 1.5 | – | – | – | 5.5 | 2.2 |
| Bai et al87 | 58 | 2.2 | 26 | 1/58 | 0.7 | – | 4.4 | 1.8 |
| Swaans et al88 | 30 | 2.6 | 12 | 0 | 0 | – | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| Reddy et al56 | 150 | 2.8 | 14 | 4/150 | 2.3 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 2.2 |
| ACP | ||||||||
| Park et al89 | 137 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lam et al90 | 20 | 2.3 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 1.8 |
| Montenegro et al91 | 5 | 4.0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 3.4 |
| Danna et al92 | 37 | 3.1 | 12 | 1/34 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 2.5 |
| López-Mínguez et al72 | 35 | 2.4 | 21 | 1/35 | 2.9 | – | 4.8 | 1.9 |
| Helsen et al93 | 15 | 2.8 | 14 | 1/15 | 5.8 | 8.8 | 5.5 | 2.2 |
| Nietlispach et al94† | 152 | 3.4 | 32 | 5/152 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 2.1 |
| Freixa et al33 | 42 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urena et al95 | 52 | 3.0 | 20 | 1/52 | 1.2 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 2.4 |
| Streb et al96 | 21 | 4.4 | – | – | – | – | 10.1 | 4.0 |
| Meerkin et al57 | 100 | 3.2 | – | – | – | – | 6.4 | 2.6 |
| Faustino et al98 | 21 | 3.2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 2.6 |
| Plicht et al57 | 34 | 3.2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | – | 6.4 | 2.6 |
| Apostolos et al62 | 969 | 2.7 | 15 | 25/969 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 2.1 |
*Expected annual stroke rate/100 patient years—as reported in the article (reference), or based on Gage et al68 in patients not taking warfarin, or based on Gage et al68 with a 60% stroke reduction for patients taking warfarin.100
†Nietlispach, et al94: non-dedicated LAA occlusion devices were used in 32 patients, dedicated ACP in 120 patients.
ACP, Amplatzer cardiac plugs; LAA, left atrial appendage; OAC, oral anticoagulation.