Table 1 . General characteristics of study patient population .
|
Patients without CHF
(n=128) |
Patients with CHF (n=126) | P value | |||||
| Entire cohort patients with CHF | Quartile I (19.06-22.33 mmol/L) | Quartile II (23.2-31.10 mmol/L) | Quartile III (32.0-39.0 mmol/L) | Quartile IV (40.00 - 49.60 mmol/L | |||
| Age, years | 57.80±6.38 | 58.34±9.60 | 57.70±6.10 | 57.40±6.76 | 60.30±4.20 | 62.60±6.22 | 0.42 |
| Male, n (%) | 72 (56.3%) | 74 (58.7%) | 17 (44.7%) | 21 (65.6%) | 18 (66.7%) | 18 (62.0%) | 0.28 |
| Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk, % | 22 (16-26) | 23 (16 - 27) | 22 (15 - 26) | 24 (16-30) | 23 (17-31) | 23 (16-30) | 0.75 |
| NYHA class I, n (%) | - | 38 (30.2%) | 11 (29.0%) | 9 (28.1%) | 8 (29.6%) | 10 (34.4%) | 0.42 |
| NYHA class II, n (%) | - | 48 (38.1%) | 14 (36.8%) | 12 (37.5%) | 10 (37.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.44 |
| NYHA class III, n (%) | - | 40 (31.7%) | 13 (34.2%) | 11 (34.4%) | 9 (33.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 0.48 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 81 (63.3%) | 84 (66.7%) | 25 (65.8%) | 22 (68.8%) | 18 (66.7%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0.86 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 52 (40.6%) | 56 (44.4%) | 17 (44.7%) | 15 (46.9%) | 12 (44.4%) | 12 (41.3%) | 0.79 |
| T2DM, n (%) | 48 (37.5%) | 46 (36.5%) | 14 (36.8%) | 12 (37.5%) | 10 (37.0%) | 10 (34.5%) | 0.80 |
| Premature CAD, n (%) | 14 (10.9%) | 12 (9.5%) | 3 (7.9%) | 3 (9.3%) | 2 (7.40%) | 4 (13.9%) | <0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 28 (21.8%) | 26 (20.6%) | 8 (21.0%) | 6 (18.8%) | 5 (18.5%) | 7 (24.1%) | 0.42 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 (95% CI 21.8–27.6) |
24.1 (95% CI 21.6 – 28.7) |
23.3 (95% CI 20.1–25.1) |
25.0 (95% CI 20.8–27.2) | 24.6 (95% CI 19.4–25.9) | 25.2 (95% CI 19.5–25.5) | 0.58 |
| Mean systolic BP, mm Hg | 131.20±4.66 | 130.90±8.41 | 127.30±5.98 | 133.80±6.12 | 129.20±6.34 | 128.10±4.93 | 0.44 |
| Mean diastolic BP, mm Hg | 76.10±3.97 | 77.24±4.22 | 76.85±3.15 | 77.17±3.21 | 77.10±3.11 | 77.70±2.95 | 0.42 |
| Heart rate, beat per min | 69.42±3.88 | 70.52±3.34 | 68.56±5.11 | 70.44±5.68 | 71.36±4.66 | 70.16±5.12 | 0.52 |
| LV EF, % | 50.40±2.25 | 43.80±0.77 | 44.10±0.94 | 43.50±0.97 | 43.60±0.79 | 43.10±0.85 | 0.28 |
| Е/Аm, U | 15.1±1.13 | 16.6±0.94 | 16.3±0.82 | 16.5±0.76 | 16.5±0.82 | 17.1±0.72 | 0.48 |
| Е/Em, U | 15.4±1.22 | 16.6±1.00 | 16.2±0.89 | 16.6±0.72 | 17.2±0.55 | 17.0±0.56 | 0.46 |
| eGFR, mL/min/m2 |
88.5 (95% CI=66.1–112.3) |
82.3 (95% CI=68.7–102.6) |
93.5 (95% CI=88.3–100.3) |
86.1 (95% CI=68.3–104.1) | 83.5 (95% CI=68.3–112.6) | 76.2 (95% CI=61.1–98.3) | 0.045 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.5 (95% CI=4.3–8.7) | 6.8 (95% CI=4.1-9.5) | 6.8 (95% CI=3.9–8.9) | 6.9 (95% CI=3.5–9.6) | 6.8 (95% CI=3.7–8.9) | 6.9 (95% CI=3.8–9.2) | 0.86 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.10 (95% CI=3.5–8.3) | 5.20 (95% CI=3.3-9.1) | 5.11 (95% CI=3.2–8.5) | 5.28 (95% CI=3.1–8.9) | 5.21 (95% CI=3.0–9.5) | 5.17 (95% CI=3.2–9.0) | 0.87 |
| Creatinin, μmol/L | 70.6 (95% CI=53.5–92.5) |
72.3 (95% CI=58.7–92.6) |
70.7 (95% CI=53.1–98.5) |
71.1 (95% CI=55.7–108.2) | 73.7 (95% CI=53.8–109.5) | 88.1 (95% CI=63.0–134.2) | 0.048 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.3 (95% CI=4.1–6.2) | 5.1 (95% CI=3.9-6.1) | 5.0 (95% CI=3.7–6.4) | 5.1 (95% CI=3.8–6.3) | 5.0 (95% CI=3.9–6.0) | 5.0 (95% CI=3.7–6.2) | 0.12 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 0.95 (95% CI=0.90–1.07) | 0.91 (95% CI=0.89-1.12) | 0.95 (95% CI=0.92–1.14) | 0.94 (95% CI=0.88–1.12) | 0.91 (95% CI=0.86–1.13) | 0.90 (95% CI=0.83–1.10) | 0.12 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.34 (95% CI=3.20–4.64) | 3.23 (95% CI=3.11-4.4) | 2.95 (95% CI=2.84–4.6) | 3.15 (95% CI=2.90–4.6) | 3.24 (95% CI=3.01–4.7) | 3.265 (95% CI=2.98–4.64) | 0.64 |
| NT-pro-BNP, pg/mL |
243.7 (95% CI=149.8–369.5) |
1533.6 (95% CI=644.5–2560.6) |
1263.9 (95% CI=688.2–2120.4) |
1446.2 (95% CI=612.6–2873.5) | 1590.6 (95% CI=622.4–2710.2) | 1873.5 (95% CI=711.2–2790.4) | 0.22 |
Note: CI, confidence interval; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LDL, low-density cholesterol; HDL, high-density cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; U, unit; Em, early diastolic myocardial velocity; Аm, late diastolic myocardial velocity; E, peak velocity of early diastolic left ventricular filling.