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. 2014 Oct 2;12:45. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-45

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© Yasui; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The experimental cell cultures with several cytokines. The characterization of peripheral blood monocytes that are cultured in GM-CSF (20 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of TNF-α (20 ng/mL) are demonstrated. Representative images of cultured May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained monocyte-derived cells (10x) are shown and Langhans-like cells are observed in the presence of TNF-α GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Abbreviations: IL-4, interleukin-4; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.