Table 2.

Current ascorbate deficient murine models.

Model	Description	Model type	Reference
GULO−/−	Deletions in the exons 3 and 4 rendering the GULO gene inactive.	GM	(45)
SFX mouse	Deletions in all 12 exons in the GULO gene.	Spontaneous	(46, 47)
SVCT1–/–	Exons 1–12 of the Slc23a1 gene replaced by NeoR. SLC23A1– shown to have significant reductions in renal reabsorption.	GM	(48)
SVCT2–/–	Deletion of 592 nucleotides causing mRNA frameshift. Deficiency of the transporter is lethal in neonates.	GM	(49)
GRKO/ARKO−/−	Double KO model in aldehyde reductase and aldose reductase. 95% reduction in ascorbate synthesis.	GM	(2)

GULO, gulonolactone oxidase; KO, knockout; GM, genetically modified; SVCT, sodium-dependant vitamin C transporter.