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. 2014 Apr 10;28(1-2):53–69. doi: 10.3109/01677063.2014.882918

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© 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

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Figure 3. — Representative diagram of TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways. Both TGF-β and BMP7 activate SMAD4 and CREB-binding protein, a transcription co-activator of SMAD, leading to the transcription of target genes that influence extracellular matrix composition, apoptosis, and synaptic/cytoskeletal plasticity. BMPR1A = bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA; CBP = CREB-binding protein; SARA (ZFYVE9) = zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 9; SMAD4 = mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4. Genes up-regulated in schizophrenia are depicted by red arrows.