Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Analytical Samplea According to Development of Incident Cognitive Impairment in Participants without Cognitive Impairment at Baseline (1998–2000)
| Characteristic | Did Not Develop Cognitive Impairment, n = 1,769 | Developed Cognitive Impairment, n = 178 | Age- and Sex-Adjusted P-Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 724 (40.9) | 72 (40.5) | .31 |
| Age, n (%) | |||
| 53–59 | 504 (28.5) | 7 (3.9) | <.001 |
| 60–69 | 692 (39.1) | 42 (23.6) | |
| 70–79 | 457 (25.8) | 84 (47.2) | |
| 80–97 | 116 (6.6) | 45 (25.3) | |
| Education, years, n (%) | |||
| <12 | 211 (11.9) | 58 (32.6) | <.001 |
| 12 | 887 (50.1) | 84 (47.2) | |
| 13–15 | 317 (17.9) | 22 (12.4) | |
| ≥ 16 | 354 (20.0) | 14 (7.9) | |
| Obese (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), n (%) | 847 (48.7) | 75 (43.4) | .59 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 823 (47.0) | 86 (49.1) | .05 |
| Past | 746 (42.6) | 70 (40.0) | |
| Current | 182 (10.4) | 19 (10.9) | |
| Ever heavy drinking, n (%) | 404 (23.0) | 51 (29.1) | .006 |
| Exercise ≥ 1/week, n (%) | 785 (44.8) | 66 (37.7) | .75 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 195 (11.1) | 25 (14.3) | .65 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 984 (55.7) | 123 (69.5) | .13 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 220 (12.6) | 31 (17.7) | .70 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 23 (1.3) | 9 (5.1) | .04 |
| Self-rated health, n (%) | |||
| Excellent | 388 (22.2) | 24 (13.7) | .008 |
| Good | 1,172 (67.0) | 112 (64.0) | |
| Fair or poor | 190 (10.9) | 39 (22.3) | |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, n (%) | 1,269 (72.5) | 132 (75.4) | .60 |
| Aspirin use, n (%) | 923 (52.8) | 105 (60.0) | .44 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 360 (20.6) | 38 (21.7) | .95 |
| APOE ε4 carrier, n (%)c | 229 (14.8) | 16 (11.0) | .40 |
| Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Component Subscale score, mean ± SDd | 55.8 ± 7.0 | 53.9 ± 8.4 | <.001 |
Percentages are of the number with data for a given covariate and counts may not sum to the total N for the column because of missing data (<2% missing for all variables, except apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier, see below).
Analytical sample is 1,947 participants without cognitive impairment at baseline and with necessary inflammation and cognitive follow-up data. Table compares those who developed incident cognitive impairment at 5- or 10-year follow-up with those who did not.
P-values are adjusted for age and sex, except the P-values for sex and age, which are adjusted for age only and sex only, respectively.
APOE genotype data were available for 1,691 (86.9%) of the 1,947 included in the analyses.
Range 0 to 100, higher scores representing better mental health.