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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Aug 14;62(9):1683–1691. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12994

Table 2.

Cox Regression Models for the Associations Between Inflammatory Marker Categories and Incident Cognitive Impairment in 2003–2005 or 2009–2010 in Participants without Cognitive Impairment at Baseline

Inflammatory Marker At Risk, na Follow-Up, % Incident Cases, n Cumulative Incidence, %b Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Model 1c Model 2d Statin Nonuserse
Baseline CRP n = 1,947 n = 1,904 n = 1,513
 Tertile 1 764 86.0 67 11.2 Reference Reference Reference
 Tertile 2 760 87.2 54 9.1 0.72 (0.49–1.06) 0.72 (0.48–1.08) 0.85 (0.53–1.35)
 Tertile 3 763 82.3 57 10.7 0.92 (0.63–1.36) 0.83 (0.55–1.25) 0.83 (0.52–1.34)
Baseline IL-6 n = 1,947 n = 1,904 n = 1,513
 Tertile 1 762 92.5 59 9.0 Reference Reference Reference
 Tertile 2 762 86.0 63 10.9 0.89 (0.61–1.31) 0.96 (0.64–1.42) 0.96 (0.61–1.51)
 Tertile 3 763 77.1 56 11.6 0.99 (0.67–1.48) 0.95 (0.62–1.45) 0.95 (0.59–1.54)
Baseline TNF- α n = 1,947 n = 1,904 n = 1,513
 Tertile 1 653 99.9f 60 10.1 Reference Reference Reference
 Tertile 2 643 100.0f 50 8.7 0.75 (0.50–1.12) 0.73 (0.49–1.11) 0.65 (0.41–1.04)
 Tertile 3 655 99.7f 68 12.3 0.82 (0.56–1.21) 0.78 (0.53–1.15) 0.68 (0.43–1.06)
10-year CRP n = 1,941 n = 1,899 n = 1,470
 Low-low 378 88.6 38 12.5 Reference Reference Reference
 All other 1,402 86.0 110 10.2 0.80 (0.54–1.20) 0.74 (0.49–1.13) 0.74 (0.46–1.19)
 High-high 500 80.4 29 8.9 0.57 (0.34–0.96) 0.46 (0.26–0.80) 0.41 (0.21–0.79)
10-year IL-6 n = 801 n = 779 n = 604
 Low-low 222 93.2 10 5.4 Reference Reference Reference
 All other 573 82.9 57 13.6 1.75 (0.85–3.64) 1.81 (0.85–3.87) 1.93 (0.78–4.82)
 High-high 164 72.6 14 16.5 2.35 (0.96–5.73) 2.35 (0.90–6.14) 3.35 (1.09–10.30)

CRP= C-reactive protein; IL-6= interleukin-6.

a

Participants without cognitive impairment at baseline (1998–2000).

b

Cumulative incidence using Kaplan–Meier method.

c

Model 1 covariates: baseline age, sex, and education.

d

Model 2 covariates: Model 1 + smoking status, ever heavy drinking, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Component Subscale score, body mass index, and stroke.

e

For baseline categories, includes only participants reporting statin nonuse at baseline; for 10-year categories, includes only participants reporting statin nonuse at baseline and 5 and 10 years before baseline (Model 2 covariates).

f

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was only measured in participants with some follow-up.