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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2014 Feb 10;15(5):535–549. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.498

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Changes in the levels of phospho-ERK, phospho-p38, and phospho-JNK in the skin layers after acupuncture needling. (A–C) Phospho-ERK, phospho-p38, and phospho-JNK levels in the skin layers were determined at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after acupuncture needling by Western blot analysis. After acupuncture needling, the activation of phospho-ERK was increased more than double, compared to the CON group (A). The changes in phospho-p38 and phospho-JNK were small and not significant compared to ERK activation (B, C). (*P <.05, 1-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls test compared to the CON group; each n = 3). Error bars indicate the SEM.