Table 1.

Examples of known occupational causes of sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis-like illness

Disease	Examples or industry or occupation	Known or suspected agent	Evidence
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis	Agriculture, metalworking, lifeguards, bird handlers, others	Fungal antigens, bacterial antigens, including mycobacterial antigens	Epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic, microbiologic, animal models
Chronic beryllium disease	Defense industries, electronics, alloy manufacture	Beryllium	Epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic
Granulomatous lung disease	Mining, manufacturing, agriculture, transportation	Aluminum, barium, cobalt, copper, gold, rare earth metals, titanium, zirconium	Epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic
Nanoparticle-related granulomas, pleural and pulmonary fibrosis	Manufacturing	silica nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles	Clinical, immunologic, animal models
Silicosis	Mining, construction	Silicates, talc	Epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic
Psittacosis	Bird handling	Bird protein antigens, bacterial antigens	Epidemiologic, clinical, microbiologic
Sarcoidosis-like illness	World Trade Center emergency response and clean up	World Trade Center dust (inorganic dust)	Epidemiologic
			Clinical
Sarcoidosis	Agriculture	Mold, bacteria, silicates	Epidemiologic
	Wood burning	Silicates	Epidemiologic
	Mining	Silicates	Epidemiologic
	Transportation	Metal dust, inorganic particulate	Epidemiologic
	Metal industries	Metal dust, metalworking fluid aerosols	Epidemiologic
	Firefighting, emergency response	Inorganic dust, fumes	Epidemiologic
	Construction	Inorganic dust	Epidemiologic
	Office work (indoor air)	Mold, bacteria, other microbial contaminants	Epidemiologic
			Immunologic