Table 2.
Means, Standard Deviations and Cronbach’s Alphas for Alcohol Use and Risk Factors Measured in Grade 7 and School Performance and Connection Measured in Grades 7, 8 and 9 for the Victorian (N = 938) and Washington State (N = 920) Samples
| GRADE 7 RISK FACTORS
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victoria [Mean(SD)] | Victoria (α) | Washington State [Mean(SD)] | Washington State (α) | Combined Sample [Mean(SD)] | Combined Sample (α) | |
|
|
||||||
| Individual risk factors | ||||||
| Rebelliousness | 1.81 (0.65) | 0.81 | 1.76 (0.62) | 0.75 | 1.79 (0.64) | 0.78 |
| Victimization^ | 1.71 (0.99) | n/a | 1.71 (0.96) | n/a | 1.71 (0.98) | n/a |
| Depression | 1.55 (0.40) | 0.87 | 1.54 (0.44) | 0.89 | 1.54 (0.42) | 0.88 |
| Peer risk factor | ||||||
| Interaction with antisocial peers | 0.19 (0.34) | 0.71 | 0.28 (0.48)*** | 0.85 | 0.23 (0.42) | 0.81 |
| Family risk factors | ||||||
| Poor family management | 1.61 (0.48)** | 0.79 | 1.55 (0.51) | 0.82 | 1.58 (0.50) | 0.81 |
| Family conflict | 2.15 (0.79) | 0.81 | 2.19 (0.82) | 0.80 | 2.17 (0.81) | 0.81 |
| School protective factor | ||||||
| Opportunity for prosocial involvement | 3.06 (0.44) | 0.57 | 3.05 (0.41) | 0.49 | 3.06 (0.43) | 0.53 |
| GRADE 7 ALCOHOL USE
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victoria % | Washington State % | Combined Sample % | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Lifetime alcohol use | 64.11*** | 53.85*** | 37.53 | 39.37 | 51.00 | 46.65 |
| Current alcohol use | 35.67*** | 26.82*** | 10.34 | 13.00 | 23.17 | 19.94 |
| Frequent alcohol use | 11.16*** | 7.48*** | 2.47 | 2.52 | 6.87 | 5.01 |
| Binge drinking | 11.38*** | 8.73* | 3.15 | 5.24 | 7.32 | 6.99 |
| GRADE 7 SCHOOL PERFORMANCE & CONNECTION |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Victoria % | Washington State % | Combined Sample % | |
|
|
|||
| Suspension | 6.42 | 11.98*** | 9.18 |
| Truancy | 17.65 | 14.60 | 16.14 |
| Low commitment | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.38 |
| Below average achievement | 1.95 | 8.71*** | 5.32 |
| GRADE 8 SCHOOL PERFORMANCE & CONNECTION |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Victoria % | Washington State % | Combined Sample % | ||||
|
|
||||||
| Suspension | 13.68 | 15.00 | 14.33 | |||
| Truancy | 12.32** | 7.35 | 9.79 | |||
| Low commitment | 1.71 | 0.98 | 1.34 | |||
| Below average achievement | 4.93 | 9.68*** | 7.29 | |||
| GRADE 9 SCHOOL PERFORMANCE & CONNECTION |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Victoria % | Washington State % | Combined Sample % | |
|
|
|||
| Suspension | 13.63 | 12.50 | 13.06 |
| Truancy | 17.57 | 15.81 | 16.69 |
| Low commitment | 4.84 | 3.06 | 3.95 |
| Below average achievement | 6.15 | 9.51** | 7.84 |
Note.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001; α = Cronbach’s alpha.
Significant state differences for dichotomous variables calculated using chi-square test. Significant state differences for continuous variables calculated using independent t-tests.
^
Scale consists of one item hence Cronbach’s alpha has not been calculated.