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. 2014 Oct 15;25(20):3210–3221. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E14-03-0834

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© 2014 Cao, Yan, et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 5: — Arrestins play a role in controlling oscillations of cAMP signaling. (A) cAMP oscillations were observed in the wild-type, adcB⁻C⁻, and adcB⁻C⁻ cells expressing AdcC-YFP during early development by capturing dark-field images every 1 min with a stereo microscope. Time plots were generated by measuring intensity changes in the frame-subtracted image sequence. Stills showing the differences in the dark-field wave patterns between the strains appear below the respective time plots. Scale bar, ∼0.5 mm. (B) The period of cAMP oscillation was analyzed with three mounds per movie and graphed. Means (n = 3) and SDs are shown. Statistical significance was assessed by t test, **p < 0.01. Independent experiments were performed at least twice.