Table 1. General characteristics of study participants with and without depressive symptoms.
| Non-diabetic | Diabetic | |||||||
| Total | With depression | Without depression | P | Total | With depression | Without depression | P | |
| Number | 9397 | 752 | 8645 | 2511 | 228 | 2283 | ||
| Age, year | 56.4±7.6 | 56.8±7.3 | 56.4±7.6 | 0.092 | 60.2±8.5 | 60.7±8.7 | 60.2±8.5 | 0.380 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4±3.6 | 25.4±3.6 | 25.4±3.6 | 0.953 | 26.7±3.8 | 26.7±3.6 | 26.6±3.8 | 0.704 |
| WC, cm | 81.1±8.6 | 80.9±8.5 | 81.2±8.6 | 0.412 | 85.3±9.0 | 84.6±8.7 | 85.3±9.0 | 0.239 |
| WHC | 0.86±0.06 | 0.87±0.06 | 0.86±0.06 | <0.001 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.906 |
| Vocation, % | 0.225 | 0.462 | ||||||
| farmer or worker | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 3.8 | ||
| official or soldier or technician | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | ||
| businessman | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | ||
| unemployed | 4.9 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 4.7 | ||
| retired | 82.7 | 84.4 | 82.5 | 89.8 | 93.4 | 89.4 | ||
| others | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | ||
| Educational status, % | 0.319 | 0.970 | ||||||
| <high school diploma | 38.1 | 40.7 | 37.9 | 52.6 | 53.1 | 52.5 | ||
| high school diploma | 46.7 | 44.7 | 46.9 | 37.8 | 37.7 | 37.8 | ||
| > high school diploma | 15.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 9.7 | ||
| Current alcohol consumption, % | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.2 | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.261 |
| Current smoker, % | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2 | 0.004 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.821 |
| Regular exercise, % | 6.8 | 1.6 | 7.2 | <0.001 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 5.3 | 0.020 |
| History of diabetes, years | – | – | – | – | 4.1±6.5 | 5.2±7.4 | 4.0±6.4 | 0.009 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | – | – | – | – | 38.5 | 44.1 | 37.9 | 0.071 |
| Hypoglycemic agent use, % | – | – | – | – | 38.7 | 43.4 | 38.3 | 0.133 |
| Insulin use, % | – | – | – | – | 11.5 | 15.6 | 11.1 | 0.045 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.35±0.51 | 5.40±0.52 | 5.34±0.50 | 0.004 | 7.80±2.49 | 7.78±2.52 | 7.80±2.50 | 0.894 |
| PPG, mmol/L | 6.94±1.58 | 6.93±1.59 | 6.94±1.58 | 0.937 | 13.70±4.32 | 13.60±4.41 | 13.70±4.31 | 0.742 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.78±0.47 | 5.84±0.43 | 5.77±0.47 | <0.001 | 7.15±1.48 | 7.17±1.40 | 7.15±1.49 | 0.894 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.33±0.98 | 5.41±1.02 | 5.32±0.98 | 0.013 | 5.37±1.07 | 5.44±1.16 | 5.36±1.07 | 0.310 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.26±0.83 | 3.29±0.87 | 3.26±0.82 | 0.290 | 3.30±0.88 | 3.33±0.94 | 3.30±0.87 | 0.618 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.51±0.42 | 1.54±0.38 | 1.50±0.42 | 0.046 | 1.40±0.34 | 1.43±0.40 | 1.40±0.34 | 0.205 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.52±1.02 | 1.48±0.95 | 1.52±1.03 | 0.311 | 1.74±1.20 | 1.77±0.96 | 1.74±1.22 | 0.703 |
| SBP, mmHg | 128.5±16.2 | 128.0±16.5 | 128.5±16.2 | 0.410 | 136.7±17.3 | 137.7±16.8 | 136.6±17.4 | 0.351 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.1±9.3 | 73.0±9.5 | 74.2±9.2 | <0.001 | 74.6±10.0 | 74.2±10.2 | 74.6±10.0 | 0.563 |