Table 1. Parameter values and their definitions.

Parameter	Interpretation	Value	Reference
	Rate of progression from acute to chronic HBV infection	0.4/person/year	[16], [19], [23]
	Rate of partner change	1.64 partners/year ()	[16]
	Death rate in population	0.007/year	[42]
	Vaccination coverage in children immediately after birth	0.9 ()	[21], [42] a
	Probability of passing HBV infection from mother to child during birth	0.9 ()	[22]
	Recovery rate of adults from acute HBV infection	3.6/person/year	[16], [19], [23]
	Probability of HBV transmission from an individual in the HBV acute phase	0.46	[16], [23]
	Probability of HBV transmission from an individual in the HBV chronic phase	0.65	[16], [23]
	Rate of progression from acute to chronic in dually infected	2/person/year	[16], [23]
	Recovery rate of adults from acute dual infection	2/person/year	[16], [23]
	Probability of HBV transmission from dually infected individual at stage  = 1,2	0.71	[16], [43]
	Probability of HDV transmission from dually infected individual at stage  = 1,2		[16]
	Disease induced mortality rate in chronically HBV infected individuals	0.0013/year	[7]–[9]
	Disease induced mortality rate in chronic dual infection	0.013/year	[7]–[9]
	Rate of maturation to adult aged 14+ years for uninfected children and children born with HBV	1/14/year ()	[44]
	Extra-mortality rate during childhood (for China)	0.01/year	[42]
	Rate of growth of population in China	0.019/year	[42]
	Maximum Carrying Capacity of the population in China	3.8e+09
	Adult vaccination coverage	0/year

^avaccination started in China in 1992 with a coverage of 20%. In 2003, vaccination coverage reached 90% and continued to increase. We assumed it to be a constant coverage of 90% from the beginning of the vaccination programs.

^bobtained after fitting the total population (using non-linear least squares and assuming logistic growth) to population data in China from [45], for the period 2003–2011. This procedure reproduced the data of the total population well.