Table 1.
Emergency and transport ventilators’ general characteristics (ICU-like and sophisticated)
| Device | Company | Technology | Pediatric use (≥10 kg) | FIO 2 (range/%) | Circuit | Built-in PEEP | Weight (kg) | Volume (dm 3 ) | Screen (with curves) | Sonometry function (min/max, dB) | Sonometry alarm (max, dB) | Oxygen consumption FIO 2 100%/50% or Air-Mix (L/min) | Maximal autonomy FIO 2 100% cylinder E (min) | Electrical autonomy (min) | Market price ($ US) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU-like emergency and transport ventilators (n = 5) | |||||||||||||||
| Bellavista | IMT Medical (Buchs, Switzerland) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono | Yes | 7.9 | 25.2 | Yes | ND | ND | 13.3/ND | 51 | 75 | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| C2 | Hamilton Medical (Bonaduz, Switzerland) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 9.6 | 29.0 | Yes | 50.4/50.6 | 63.2 | 15.8/3.3 | 43 | 142 | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| Servo-i | Maquet Getinge (Göteborg, Sweden) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/21% | Dual | Yes | 20.4 | 39.0 | Yes | 42.1/42.6 | 64.6 | 8.4/4.3 | 81 | 146 | >25,000 US $ |
| T75 | Air Liquide Medical Systems (Antony, France) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 16.0 | 38.4 | Yes | 48.1/50.5 | 75.7 | 11.1/3.5 | 61 | 200 | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| Vela | Viasys Carefusion (San Diego, Ca, USA) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Dual | Yes | 17.3 | 28.6 | Yes | 46.5/51.5 | 79.1 | 15.5/6.3 | 44 | 324 | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| Sophisticated emergency and transport ventilators (n = 10) | |||||||||||||||
| Crossvent 3 | Bio-Med Devices (Guilford, CT, USA) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono | Yes | 4.8 | 6.7 | Yes | 42.7/52.4 | 76.8 | 8.3/4.5 | 82 | 429 | 10,000 to 15,000 US $ |
| Elisée | Resmed (Saint Priest, France) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 4.7 | 9.5 | Yes | 47.4/52.3 | 78 | 15/3.5 | 45 | 196 | 10,000 to 15,000 US $ |
| HT 50 | Newport (Costa Mesa, CA, USA) | Piston | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 8.3 | 16.6 | No | 42.9/48 | 46.4 | 7.4/2.9 | 92 | > 840 | 10,000 to 15,000 US $ |
| HT 70 plus | Newport Covidien (Mansfield, MA, USA) | Piston | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 6.9 | 23.7 | No | 43.8/64.7 | 71.8 | 7.7/4.3 | 88 | 488 | 15,000 to 20,000 US $ |
| iVent 201 | GE Healthcare (Cleveland, OH, USA) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono | Yes | 11.4 | 19.0 | Yes | 51.0/56.2 | 88.5 | 8.9/2.6 | 76 | ND | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| LTV 1200 | Viasys Carefusion (San Diego, Ca, USA) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono | Yes | 6.3 | 5.7 | No | 54.3/61.1 | 80 | 12.6/4.3 | 54 | 127 | 10,000 to 15,000 US $ |
| M. Transport | Weinmann (Hamburg, Germany) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/40% | Mono | Yes | 4.8 | 7.0 | Yes | 46.6/51.2 | 56.7 | 7.1/2.4 | 96 | 365 | 15,000 to 20,000 US $ |
| Oxylog 3000 | Dräger (Lübeck, Germany) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/40% | Mono | Yes | 5.0 | 8.5 | Yes | 37/52.7 | 49.6 | 7.1/2.8 | 96 | 483 | 15,000 to 20,000 US $ |
| T 1 | Hamilton Medical (Bonaduz, Switzerland) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 6.5 | 19.7 | Yes | ND | 88 | 10.3/3.4 | 66 | 408 | 20,000 to 25,000 US $ |
| T 60 | Air Liquide Medical Systems (Antony, France) | Turbine | Yes | 100%/21% | Mono/dual | Yes | 4.0 | 8.0 | Yes | ND | 79 | 11.1/3.8 | 61 | 384 | 15,000 to 20,000 US $ |
Pediatric use, availability of a pediatric mode; FIO2, oxygen inspiratory fraction (%); Circuit, type of circuit to be used, monobranched, dual limb, both types; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; Volume, the volume of the device was calculated as assimilated to a cube; Sonometry, provides the noise level in function - values are provided without added PEEP and for FIO2 = 100% for most values, for FIO2 = 100%/50% for the two other; Autonomy was evaluated at standardized settings - MCV 100 electrical autonomy has been calculated while using the compressor; Market price has been considered taking into account mean value provided by various distributors on the Canadian and the European market. The air-mixing condition varies from one ventilator to the other (FIO2 = 45 to 86%), but also for the same ventilator, according to the patient’s condition (FIO2 AirMix Osiris = 69 to 81%; O2000 = 68 to 80%); it may induce up to a 30% peak-flow decrease with several devices; this flow decrease at a constant I/E ratio is responsible for a tidal volume decrease (FIO2 or Venturi effect). ND= not done.