Table 2.
Emergency and transport ventilators’ general characteristics (simple and mass-casualty/military)
| Device | Company | Technology | Pediatric use (≥10 kg) | FIO 2 (range/%) | Circuit | Built-in PEEP | Weight (kg) | Volume (dm 3 ) | Screen (with curves) | Sonometry function (min/max, dB) | Sonometry alarm (max, dB) | Oxygen consumption FIO 2 100%/50% or Air-Mix (L/min) | Maximal autonomy FIO 2 100% cylinder E (min) | Electrical autonomy (min) | Market price ($ US) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple emergency and transport ventilators (n = 9) | |||||||||||||||
| Autovent 3000 | Allied Healthcare Products (Saint Louis, MO, USA) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100% only | Mono | No | 2.8 | 4.8 | No | 47.2/48.0 | 55.3 | 9.7/NA | 70 | NA | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| Carevent MRI | O-Two (Mississauga, ON, Canada) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | Yes | 2.5 | 5.4 | No | 43.2/52.7 | 78.7 | 10.0/5.2 | 68 | NA | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| M. Standard | Weinmann (Hamburg, Germany) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | No | 1.2 | 4.0 | No | 42.9/44.3 | 49.8 | 8.5/3.5 | 80 | NA | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| Osiris 2 | Air Liquide Medical Systems (Antony, France) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | Yes | 5.0 | 9.9 | No | 47.3/53.3 | 83.0 | 11.4/5.3 | 56 | NA | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| Oxylog 2000 | Dräger (Lübeck, Germany) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | No | 4.3 | 5.3 | No | 46.6/61.6 | 78.8 | 9.4/4.7 | 72 | ND | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| Oxylog 2000 + | Dräger | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | Yes | 5.4 | 8.4 | Yes | 46.2/52.2 | 77.0 | 7.7/2.1 | 88 | ND | 10,000 to 15,000 US $ |
| ParaPAC 210 D | Smiths Medical (Ashford, UK) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | No | 3.2 | 3.0 | No | 43.9/45.6 | 56.6 | 8.8 /3.3 | 77 | NA | 2,500 to 5,000 US $ |
| ParaPAC 310 | Smiths Medical (Ashford, UK) | Pneumatic | Yes | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | Yes | 2.3 | 3.6 | No | ND | ND | ND | ND | NA | 2,500 to 5,000 US $ |
| pNeuton | Airon (Melbourne, FL, USA) | Pneumatic | No | 100%/Air-Mix | Mono | Yes | 3.5 | 7.9 | No | 43.4/61.3 | 84.9 | 11.1/NA | 61 | NA | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| Mass-casualty and military ventilators (n = 2) | |||||||||||||||
| ComPAC | Smiths Medical (Ashford, UK) | Pneumatic/compressor | No | 100% O2/Air-Mix or 100% air | Mono | No | 11.1 | 18.0 | No | 41.7/65.8 | 42.0 | 7.1/2.4 | 95 | 78 | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
| MCV100 | Allied Healthcare Products (Saint Louis, MO, USA) | Pneumatic/compressor | No | Only 100% O2 or 100% air | Mono | No | 6.9 | 9.0 | No | 43.0/48.3 | 61.8 | 7.1/NA | 96 | 298/1,142 | 5,000 to 10,000 US $ |
Pediatric use, availability of a pediatric mode; FIO2, oxygen inspiratory fraction (%); Circuit, type of circuit to be used, monobranched, dual limb, both types; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; Volume, the volume of the device was calculated as assimilated to a cube; Sonometry, provides the noise level in function - values are provided without added PEEP and for FIO2 = 100% for most values, for FIO2 = 100%/50% for the two other; Autonomy was evaluated at standardized settings - MCV 100 electrical autonomy has been calculated while using the compressor; Market price has been considered taking into account mean value provided by various distributors on the Canadian and the European market. The air-mixing condition varies from one ventilator to the other (FIO2 = 45 to 86%), but also for the same ventilator, according to patient’s condition (FIO2 AirMix Osiris = 69 to 81%; O2000 = 68 to 80%); it may induce up to a 30% peak-flow decrease with several devices; this flow decrease at a constant I/E ratio is responsible for a tidal volume decrease (FIO2 or Venturi effect). NA= not applicable; ND= not done.