Table 1.

The primer characteristics used for the gene expression analysis

Genes		Sequences (5′ to 3′)	References
TNF-like1	F	tgctgttctatgaccgcc	[20]
	R	ctttcagagcatcaacgca
IL-1β2	F	atg gcgttcgttcccgacctggacgtgctg	[21]
	R	acttagcttgtaggtggcgatgttgacctg
IFN-γ3	F	gctgacggtggacctattatt	[21]
	R	tggattctcaagtcgttcatcg
GAPDH4	F	tgaaagtcggagtcaacggatt	[22]
	R	ccacttggactttgccagaga
β-Actin	F	caacacagtgctgtctggtgg	[20]
	R	atcgtactcctgcttgctgat

¹In chickens, TNF-α has not been identified. but TNF-like ligand 1A (TNF-like) produced effects similar to TNF-α.

²Interleukin-1 beta.

³Interferon gamma.

⁴Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.