Table 1.
GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched with candidate genes for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs a
| Population | ID | Term | P-value | Associated gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO | ||||
| Gansu | GO:0030011 | Maintenance of cell polarity | 0.001 | ANK1, ANKH, DST |
| GO:0007270 | Neuron-neuron synaptic transmission | 0.018 | GRIA1, GRIA4, GRM4, GRM5, HTR2A, VDAC1 | |
| GO:0030282 | Bone mineralization | 0.028 | ANKH, BMP2, CLEC3B, LTF, TCF7L2 | |
| GO:0032663 | Regulation of interleukin-2 production | 0.041 | MALT1, PDE4D | |
| GO:0048566 | Embryonic digestive tract development | 0.041 | GLI3, TCF7L2 | |
| GO:0060840 | Artery development | 0.041 | CHD7, FOXS1, GLI3, MYLK2 | |
| GO:0018345 | Protein palmitoylation | 0.042 | HHAT, ZDHHC3, ZDHHC7 | |
| GO:0016339 | Calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion | 0.048 | CDH13, CDH17, CDH19 | |
| Tibet | GO:0050974 | Detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception | 0.029 | GRIN2B, ITGA2, PCDH15 |
| GO:0048661 | Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | 0.041 | ID2, ITGA2 | |
| GO:0060079 | Regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential | 0.041 | GRIN2B, SEZ6 | |
| GO:0010922 | Positive regulation of phosphatase activity | 0.042 | ITGA2, MAGI2, PLEK | |
| GO:0031532 | Actin cytoskeleton reorganization | 0.049 | ABL1, CSF1R, PARVA, PLEK | |
| Sichuan & Yunnan | GO:0097091 | Synaptic vesicle clustering | 0.010 | NRXN1, SYNDIG1 |
| GO:0072337 | Modified amino acid transport | 0.024 | FOLR1, FOLR2, SLC1A4 | |
| GO:0072520 | Seminiferous tubule development | 0.034 | ING2, SPINK2 | |
| GO:0021575 | Hindbrain morphogenesis | 0.039 | FAIM2, NRXN1 | |
| GO:0060079 | Regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential | 0.039 | GRIK2, NRXN1 | |
| GO:1902930 | Regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process | 0.039 | APOB, TWIST1 | |
| GO:0017158 | Regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | 0.042 | B4GALT1, PLCB1, SYT1 | |
| GO:0006208 | Pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process | 0.042 | DPYS, DPYSL3 | |
| GO:0007215 | Glutamate receptor signaling pathway | 0.042 | GRIK2, HOMER2, NRXN1, PLCB1 | |
| Overall | GO:0010712 | Regulation of collagen metabolic process | 0.002 | CST3, ITGA2, PDGFRB, RGCC |
| GO:0051567 | Histone H3-K9 methylation | 0.018 | DNMT3B, KDM1A, PRDM5 | |
| GO:0050927 | Positive regulation of positive chemotaxis | 0.033 | CDH13, CNTN1, ITGA2 | |
| GO:0032465 | Regulation of cytokinesis | 0.038 | PDZD2, TEX14 | |
| GO:0019626 | Short-chain fatty acid catabolic process | 0.043 | MUT, PCCA | |
| GO:0050966 | Detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | 0.043 | GRIN2B, ITGA2 | |
| GO:0002209 | Behavioral defense response | 0.045 | GRIN2B, NR2E1, VDAC1 | |
| KEGG | ||||
| Gansu | KEGG:05217 | Basal cell carcinoma | 0.031 | BMP2, GLI3, TCF7L2 |
| KEGG:04713 | Circadian entrainment | 0.033 | ADCY10, GRIA1, GRIA4, RPS6KA5 | |
| KEGG:05033 | Nicotine addiction | 0.043 | GRIA1, GRIA4 | |
| KEGG:04520 | Adherens junction | 0.045 | NLK, PTPRB, TCF7L2 | |
| Tibet | KEGG:00640 | Propanoate metabolism | 0.004 | ACACB, PCCA, SUCLG2 |
| KEGG:00920 | Sulfur metabolism | 0.004 | IMPAD1, PAPSS2 | |
| KEGG:03030 | DNA replication | 0.024 | PRIM2, RPA1 | |
| Overall | KEGG:00280 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation | 0.036 | ACADSB, MUT, PCCA |
| KEGG:04975 | Fat digestion and absorption | 0.042 | APOB, PLA2G12A | |
| KEGG:05014 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | 0.046 | DAXX, GRIN2B, MAP2K6 |
a P-values after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Overall indicates all Tibetan pig populations.