Table 1. RCTs of NCRT vs. surgery alone.
| Year | Country | n | Histology | Radiotherapy (Gy) | Chemotherapy | Sequence | Surgical time (weeks) | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19968 | Ireland | 113 | AC | 40 | CF† | Concurrent | 8 | 10 |
| 19979 | France | 282 | SCC | 37 | C‡ | Sequential | 2-4 | 55.2 |
| 200211 | Ireland | 113 | AC | 40 | CF | Concurrent | 8 | 60 |
| 200614 | Japan | 45 | SCC | 40 | CF | Concurrent | 5 | – |
| 200815 | USA | 56 | AC (75%) | 50.4 | CF | Concurrent | 3-8 | 72 |
| 200916 | China | 236 | SCC | 40 | CF + mitomycin | Concurrent | 2-3 | – |
| 20124 | Holland | 366 | AC (75%) | 41.4 | Carboplatin + paclitaxel | Concurrent | 4-6 | 45.4 |
†, cisplatin + fluorouracil; ‡, cisplatin; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; NCRT, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; AC, adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.