NKX3.2 represses BMP-mediated induction of GATA family members. (A,B) Chicken PSM was infected with either RCAS-GFP, RCAS-Nkx3.2-WT or RCAS-Nkx3.2-NQ, cultured in the presence of BMP2/4 and cyclopamine as indicated, and gene expression assayed by RT-qPCR (A) or RT-PCR (B). Virus-encoded WT or mutant Nkx3.2 transcript levels are indicated as vNkx3.2. In A, PSM taken from opposite sides of the same embryos (i.e. left versus right PSM) was cultured in lanes 1 and 2 and in lanes 3 and 4. Expression was normalized to that of Gapdh. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.001, Student's t-test (n=4). Error bars indicate s.d. (C) PSM explants were infected with RCAS-GFP or RCAS-Nkx3.2-VP16, cultured in the presence of SHH and BMP4 as indicated, and gene expression was assayed by RT-PCR (n=2).