TABLE 3.

Associations between different forms of sleep problems at 15 years of age and the development of chronic regional pain at 17 years of age

Types of sleep disturbance	n	Unadjusted model		Partially adjusted model†		Fully adjusted model‡
		OR	P	OR	P	OR	P
Do you consider yourself a:
Good sleeper	2114	Reference		Reference		Reference
Poor sleeper	379	1.84 (1.18–2.85)	<0.01**	1.76 (1.13–2.74)	0.01*	1.61 (1.01–2.58)	0.04*
Usually wakes up:
Never	1408	Reference		Reference		Reference
Once	759	1.45 (0.95–2.21)	0.08	1.36 (0.89–2.08)	0.16	1.31 (0.84–2.05)	0.23
2–3 times/>3 times	326	2.07 (1.25–3.41)	<0.01**	1.85 (1.20–3.07)	0.02*	1.81 (1.07–3.07)	0.03*
Problems with hypersomnolence:
Never	965	Reference		Reference		Reference
A little	1294	0.72 (0.48–1.08)	0.11	0.67 (0.44–1.01)	0.06	0.60 (0.39–0.91)	0.02*
More than a little	174	0.90 (0.42–1.94)	0.79	0.83 (0.38–1.78)	0.63	0.67 (0.30–1.53)	0.34
Big/very big	60	4.20 (2.05–8.57)	<0.001**	3.79 (1.84–7.80)	<0.001**	3.42 (1.62–7.22)	<0.001**
Enough sleep:
Always	269	Reference		Reference		Reference
Usually	1301	2.01 (0.86–4.71)	0.11	1.90 (0.81–4.48)	0.14	1.76 (0.74–4.17)	0.20
Sometimes	648	2.13 (0.88–5.17)	0.10	1.94 (0.79–4.75)	0.15	1.81 (0.74–4.47)	0.20
Rarely/never	275	4.00 (1.60–9.98)	<0.01**	3.67 (1.46–9.24)	<0.01**	3.04 (1.18–7.79)	0.02*

^†Adjusted for sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic position,

^‡Additionally adjusted for depression (age 15) and current sleep problems (age 17).

^*P<0.05;

^**P<0.01;

^***P<0.001