Table 3.

Association of prior opioid use with hospitalization outcomes

	Occasional opioid use		Chronic opioid therapy
	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)
ICU stay	0.94 (0.90, 0.99)	0.95 (0.91,1.00)	1.00 (0.96,1.04)	1.01 (0.97,1.05)
Non-home discharge	0.92 (0.85,0.99)	0.97 (0.90,1.05)	0.85 (0.80,0.92)	0.95 (0.88,1.03)
30-day readmission	1.14 (1.09,1.19)	1.14 (1.09,1.19)	1.14 (1.10,1.19)	1.15 (1.10,1.20)
Death during hospitalization or within 30 days	0.96 (0.88,1.04)	1.04 (0.95,1.13)	0.96 (0.90,1.04)	1.19 (1.10,1.29)

Patients with palliative care use were excluded from analysis of ICU stay, non-home discharge, and death during hospitalization or within 30 days. In addition to patients with palliative care use, patients who died or were transferred to another hospital were excluded from analysis of 30-day readmission.

Model 1 is adjusted for admission diagnosis based on CCS categories.

Model 2 is adjusted for admission diagnosis based on CCS categories, adjustment for age, sex race, income, rural residence, region, CCI, and comorbid conditions: cancer, metastatic cancer, chronic pain, COPD, complicated diabetes, heart failure, renal disease, dementia, mental health diagnosis other than PTSD, and PTSD.

COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.