Table 1.
Sample characteristics and distribution of negative life events, PUFA intakes, n3:n6 ratio, and IBQ-R scores in the total sample and stratified by race/ethnicity
| Total (n = 255) | Whites(n = 95) | Blacks (n = 53) | Hispanics (n = 107) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p§ | |
| Maternal education < HSa | 85 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 29 | 67 | 63 | <0.001f |
| Child sex (male) | 128 | 50 | 50 | 53 | 28 | 53 | 50 | 47 | 0.61 |
| Mean (Median) | SDb | Mean (Median) | SD | Mean (Median) | SD | Mean (Median) | SD | p§ | |
| Maternal age (years) | 30 (31) | 5 | 32 (32) | 4 | 29 (30) | 6 | 29 (30) | 6 | 0.002 |
| NLEsc | 2.02 (1.00) | 1.89 | 1.65 (1.00) | 1.60 | 2.97 (3.00) | 1.96 | 2.13 (1.00) | 2.00 | <0.001 |
| PUFAsd | |||||||||
| Total n3 (g/d) | 2.09 (1.86) | 0.84 | 1.81 (1.72) | 0.48 | 1.92 (1.77) | 0.76 | 2.42 (2.28) | 1.01 | <0.001 |
| Total n6 (g/d) | 14.93 (14.36) | 3.97 | 14.07 (14.04) | 2.44 | 14.27 (13.19) | 4.45 | 16.02 (15.51) | 4.53 | 0.002 |
| n3:n6 ratio | 0.14 (0.13) | 0.03 | 0.13 (0.12) | 0.02 | 0.13 (0.13) | 0.02 | 0.15 (0.15) | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| IBQ-R domainse | |||||||||
| Extraversion | 5.09 (5.10) | 0.62 | 4.86 (4.85) | 0.55 | 5.21 (5.24) | 0.64 | 5.27 (5.29) | 0.64 | <0.001g |
| Orienting &Regulation | 5.31 (5.30) | 0.55 | 5.17 (5.17) | 0.52 | 5.34 (5.23) | 0.55 | 5.46 (5.44) | 0.49 | <0.001g |
| Negative Affectivity | 3.64 (3.59) | 0.52 | 3.53 (3.50) | 0.39 | 3.43 (3.42) | 0.46 | 3.82 (3.72) | 0.58 | 0.0002 |
a
High School (HS);
b
Standard Deviation (SD);
c
Negative Life Events (NLEs);
d
total n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and total n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio (n3:n6);
e
Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R);
§
p value for differences on covariates across racial/ethnic groups;
f
Fisher’s exact test used due to small cell sizes;
g
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to test differences in means; all other continuous variables tested using the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA (non-parametric).