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. 2014 Oct 15;9(10):e106907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106907

Table 4. Associations of presence of current depressive disorder, current anxiety disorder, current co-morbid depression and anxiety and remitted depression or anxiety with the Chronic Pain Grade, with remitted disorder as a reference category.

CPG1a , b CPG2a , b CPG3a , b CPG4a , b
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Remitted depression/anxiety reference reference reference reference
No psychopathology .54 (.34–.85)* .29 (.17–.50)** .29 (.15–.55)** .28 (.14–.60)*
Depression current .72 (.39–1.36) 1.03 (.52–2.01) 2.04 (.98–4.25) 1.89 (.85–4.20)
Anxiety current 1.13 (.64–2.00) 1.18 (.64–2.18) 1.47 (.74–2.94) 1.37 (.65–2.91)
Co-morbid depression and anxiety current 1.68 (.84–3.36) 2.95 (1.43–6.09)* 5.65 (2.61–12.22)** 8.58 (3.84–19.21)**

*p<.05;

**p<.001.

a

reference category is no pain.

b

adjusted for age, gender, level of education, partner status, antidepressant use, use of other psychotropic drugs, chronic diseases, and number of depressive episodes.