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. 2014 Oct 15;9(10):e108224. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108224

Table 2. Mean values and standard deviations of normative valence and arousal ratings of the pictures selected for the six categories (based on Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2008 [3]).

Valence Arousal
Category (n) All Females Males ♀ vs. ♂ All Females Males ♀ vs. ♂
Mean (sd) Mean (sd) Mean (sd) t Mean (sd) Mean (sd) Mean (sd) t
Humans (207) 4.77 (1.26) 4.87 (1.37) 4.62 (1.23) 4.8***
Negative (69) 2.26 (0.74) 1.96 (0.85) 2.63 (0.71) −11.5*** 5.91 (0.82) 6.18 (0.87) 5.59 (0.82) 10.5***
Neutral (69) 5.34 (0.62) 5.42 (0.77) 5.26 (0.52) 2.7** 3.54 (0.60) 3.59 (0.66) 3.51 (0.65) ns
Positive (69) 7.13 (0.52) 7.38 (0.72) 6.77 (0.64) 5.5*** 4.84 (0.97) 4.82 (1.03) 4.70 (1.12) ns
Scenes (207) 4.26 (1.25) 4.27 (1.29) 4.21 (1.23) ns
Negative (69) 3.49 (0.82) 3.13 (0.83) 3.92 (0.94) −11.1*** 5.44 (0.97) 5.57 (0.98) 5.28 (1.02) 5.0***
Neutral (69) 5.22 (0.69) 5.22 (0.75) 5.23 (0.67) ns 3.26 (0.69) 3.23 (0.61) 3.28 (0.84) ns
Positive (69) 6.92 (0.72) 7.16 (0.81) 6.65 (0.67) 9.4*** 4.08 (0.91) 4.00 (0.91) 4.07 (0.90) ns

T-values refer to a within category comparison of the normative male and female ratings.

Note: ***p<.001; **p<.01.