Table 1. Characteristics of aerobic exercise studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Author | Health Status | Sample size | Age (years) | Male% | Basal BMI (kg/m2) | Basal SBP (mmHg) | Basal DBP (mmHg) | Type of Exercise | Intensity | Session duration (minutes) | Frequency of sessions | Duration of Intervention (weeks) | Jadad's Score |
| Beck et al. 2013 [12] | Prehypertension | 28 | 20.1±0.9 | 68 | 28.7±1.4 | 132±3 | 81±1 | W/R | 65–85% | 45 | 3 | 8 | 3 |
| Choi et al. 2012 [24] | Diabetes II | 75 | 53.8±7.2 | 0 | 120 (118–130) | 80 (79–80) | W | 3.6–6 MET | 60 | 5 | 12 | 5 | |
| Ciolac et al. 2010 AIT [25] | Risk of Hypertension | 17 | 24.4±3.8 | 0 | 23.5±4.8 | 106±9.9 | 65±9.5 | W/R | 80–90%peakO2 | 40 | 3 | 16 | 3 |
| Ciolac et al. 2010 CMT [25] | Risk of Hypertension | 17 | 26.6±4.9 | 0 | 24.3±4.6 | 106±8.3 | 64.9±6.8 | W/R | 60–70%peakO2 | 40 | 3 | 16 | 3 |
| Ferrier et al. 2001[26] | Systolic hypertension | 10 | 64±7 | 50 | 29.5±1.3 | 154±7 | C | 65%Hrmax | 40 | 3 | 8 | 3 | |
| Goldberg et al. 2012 [35] | Risk of Hypertension | 30 | 20.5±0.5 | 100 | 23.3±0.5 | 115±1.4 | 69±1.6 | C | 65%Hrmax | 30 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Gumaraes et al. 2010 AIT [44] | Hypertension | 22 | 45±9 | 77 | 29±5 | 125±9 | 81±5 | R | 65%Hrmax | 40 | 3 | 16 | 5 |
| Gumaraes et al. 2010 CMT [44] | Hypertension | 21 | 50±8 | 62 | 28±4 | 124±9 | 81±9 | R | 65–80%Hrmax | 40 | 3 | 16 | 5 |
| Heydari et al. 2013 [36] | Healthy | 34 | 24.4±4.7 | 100 | 28.4±0.6 | 120±2.4 | 64±1.8 | C | 80–90%Hrmax | 20 | 3 | 12 | 2 |
| Heydari et al. 2013 [37] | Healthy | 38 | 26.5 | 100 | 28.4±2.4 | 119.6±9.9 | 63.7±7.3 | C | 80–90%Hrmax | 20 | 3 | 12 | 5 |
| Ho et al. 2012 [14] | Overweight/Obese | 31 | 55 (44–62) | 13 | 33 (25–46) | 120 (96–159) | 67 (55–86) | W | 60%Hrr | 30 | 5 | 12 | 4 |
| Kearney et al. 2014 [45] | Overweight | 65 | 45±6.2 | 77 | 29.2±4 | 122±12 | 85±7.4 | W | 5 | 26 | 4 | ||
| Koh et al. 2010 ID [46] | CKD | 23 | 52.3±10.9 | 61 | 27.6±7 | 148±22 | 82±10 | C | 12–13 Borg | 30–45 | 3 | 26 | 2 |
| Koh et al. 2010 HB [46] | CKD | 23 | 52±14 | 65 | 27.9±4.9 | 143±32 | 78±16 | W | 12–13 Borg | 30–45 | 3 | 26 | 2 |
| Krustrup et al. 2010 FG [27] | Premenopausal | 28 | 37±2 | 0 | 25±0.9 | 113±2 | 74±2 | FB | 80–84%Hrmax | 60 | 2 | 16 | 3 |
| Krustrup et al. 2010 RG [27] | Premenopausal | 24 | 37±1 | 0 | 23.7±0.7 | 112±2 | 71±2 | R | 80–84%Hrmax | 60 | 2 | 16 | 2 |
| Krustrup et al. 2013 [38] | Hypertension | 33 | 46 | 100 | 30±3.3 | 151 | 92 | Soccer | 85–90%Hrmax | 60 | 2 | 26 | 2 |
| Madden et al. 2009 [47] | Diabetes II | 34 | 71.4 | 53 | 30±1.1 | 150±6 | 83±2 | C | 65–80%Hrmax | 40 | 3 | 13 | 5 |
| Madden et al. 2013 [48] | Diabetes II | 52 | 68.5±0.9 | 58 | 30.9±1 | 148±4 | 82±3 | C | 60–75%Hrmax | 40 | 3 | 26 | 4 |
| Mustata et al. 2011 [49] | CKD | 18 | 64 (55–73) | 67 | 28 (25–32) | 140 (130–150) | 78 (70–80) | W/C | 12–50 Borg | 20–60 | 4 | 52 | 4 |
| Nualnim et al. 2011 [50] | Hypertension | 43 | 58±2 | 26 | 29±1 | 131±3 | 76±2 | Swimming | 60–75%Hrmax | 20–45 | 3.5 | 12 | 4 |
| Oudegeest-Sander et al. 2013 [51] | Healthy | 22 | 68±3 | 50 | 27±2.6 | 131±9 | 76±6 | C | 70–85%Hrmax | 30 | 3 | 52 | 4 |
| Parnell et al. 2002 [52] | CHF | 21 | 57±15 | 90 | 26±0.7 | 106±7 | 62±2 | W/C | 50–60%Hrmax | 30–60 | 6 | 8 | 2 |
| Sugawara et al. 2012 [31] | Post menopause | 22 | 59±2 | 0 | 23.4±1 | 117±3 | 71±2 | C | 60–75%Hrmax | 25–45 | 4.5 | 8 | 5 |
| Toussaint et al. 2008 [62] | CKD | 18 | 67 (60–83) | 50 | 27±4 | 144±16 | 75±12 | C | 30 | 3 | 12 | 4 | |
| Westhoff et al. 2008 [53] | Hypertension | 24 | 66.1±4 | 46 | 28.6±4.4 | 134±20 | 73±21.6 | C | 2±0.5 lactate | 20 | 3 | 12 | 4 |
| Yoshizawa et al. 2009 [33] | Healthy | 24 | 47±2 | 0 | 24.6±1.1 | 120±3 | 74±3 | C | 60–70%peakO2 | 30 | 2 | 12 | 2 |
AIT, aerobic interval training; C, cycling; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CMT, continuous moderate-intensity training; HB, home-based; HRmax, maximum heart rate; Hrr, heart rate reserve; FB, football; FG, football group; ID, intradialytic; MET, metabolic equivalents; R, running; RG, running group; W, walking.