Table 1. Reasons given by investigators for non-publication of studies –summary of results of included surveys.

Reasons	No. ofsurveys thatreportedthe reason	Total no. of statedreason/unpublishedstudies	Reported proportion:median (range)
Non-submission	30	2156/2592	85% (55%, 100%)
Study incomplete or ongoing	18	273/1509	15% (3%, 56%)
In preparation or under review	22	293/1778	12% (3%, 65%)
Study not for publication	9	107/880	14% (3%, 38%)
Similar findings published	10	52/867	5% (3%, 13%)
Submission rejected by journal	25	210/2197	6% (2%, 27%)
Fear of being rejected	9	110/926	12% (6%, 26%)
Lack of time or low priority	32	873/2634	33% (11%, 60%)
Results not important or negative	19	293/1593	12% (1%, 34%)
Poor study quality or design	16	197/1611	11% (2%, 32%)
Sponsor/funder problems	4	31/230	9% (5%, 24%)
Author/co-author problems	14	156/1337	10% (4%, 23%)