Table I.
Baseline Characteristics, Univariate (UV), and Multivariate (MV) analysis of entire cohort
| Characteristic | UNIVARIATE | MULTIVARIATEi | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=458) | Case (n=158) | Control (n =300) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age mean years (SD) | 39.6 (9.0) | 37.1 (8.4) | 40.9 (9.1) | <.0001 | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 0.0007 |
| Male gender % (SD) | 35 (2.2) | 47 (4.0) | 29 (2.6) | <.0001 | 2.20 (1.41–3.45) | 0.0006 |
| Years on ARTii, mean (SD) | 2.54 (2.1) | 2.11 (2.1) | 2.77 (2.0) | 0.0012 | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 0.024 |
| ≥12 years education % (SD) | 53 (2.3) | 59 (3.9) | 50 (2.9) | 0.0767 | 1.11 (0.71–1.75) | 0.64 |
| CD4 Count Categories% (SD) | ||||||
| >500 | 19 (1.8) | 11 (2.5) | 23 (2.4) | |||
| 350–500 | 23 (2.0) | 11 (2.5) | 29 (2.6) | |||
| 200–350 | 30 (2.1) | 30 (3.6) | 30 (2.6) | |||
| <200 | 28 (2.1) | 47 (4.0) | 17 (2.2) | |||
|
| ||||||
| No incomeiii % (SD) | 21 (1.9) | 28 (3.6) | 18 (2.2) | 0.015 | 0.68 (0.20–2.33) | 0.53 |
| Unemployed %iv (SD) | 19 (1.8) | 25 (3.4) | 16 (2.1) | 0.025 | 1.50 (0.49–4.63) | 0.48 |
| Full time employed% (SD) | 52 (2.3) | 47 (4.0) | 54 (2.9) | 0.13 | ||
| Self-employed% (SD) | 13 (1.6) | 15 (2.8) | 11 (1.8) | 0.24 | ||
| Basic labor% (SD) | 68 (2.2) | 70 (3.6) | 67 (2.7) | 0.56 | ||
| Skilled labor% (SD) | 23 (2.0) | 16 (2.9) | 26 (2.5) | 0.051 | ||
| Professional labor% (SD) | 9.3 (1.4) | 14 (2.8) | 7.0 (1.5) | 0.060 | ||
| Employment (categ.) v% (SD) | 0.19 | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Self pays for care % (SD) | 79 (1.9) | 73 (3.5) | 81 (2.3) | 0.051 | ||
| Family pays for care vi% (SD) | 14 (1.6) | 22 (3.3) | 11 (1.8) | 0.001 | 2.71 (1.04–7.04) | 0.041 |
| Spouse pays for care % (SD) | 4.4 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.3) | 0.37 | ||
| Lives in house% (SD) | 92 (1.3) | 91 (2.3) | 93 (1.5) | 0.48 | ||
| Living (categ.)vii | -- | -- | -- | 0.59 | ||
| Owns own home% (SD) | 36 (2.2) | 32 (3.7) | 38 (2.8) | 0.20 | ||
| Owns or rents home % (SD) | 50 (2.3) | |||||
| Dependent livingviii% (SD) | 50 (2.3) | 52 (4.0) | 41 (2.8) | 0.031 | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 1.00 |
| Married% (SD) | 21 (1.9) | 17 (3.0) | 22 (2.4) | 0.25 | ||
| In a relationshipix% (SD) | 64 (2.2) | 73 (3.5) | 60 (2.8) | 0.005 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Any cohabitants% (SD) | 96 (1.0) | 95 (1.7) | 97 (1.0) | 0.37 | ||
| >2 cohabitants% (SD) | 73 (2.1) | 72 (3.6) | 74 (2.5) | 0.67 | ||
| >5 cohabitants% (SD) | 36 (2.2) | 38 (3.9) | 35 (2.8) | 0.58 | ||
| Any dependents % (SD) | 94 (1.1) | 94 (1.9) | 93 (1.5) | 0.69 | ||
| >2 dependents % (SD) | 54 (2.3) | 51 (4.0) | 56 (2.9) | 0.27 | ||
| >5 dependents % (SD) | 28 (2.1) | 28 (3.6) | 29 (2.6) | 0.85 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Patient owns a car % (SD) | 17 (1.8) | 25 (3.4) | 13 (1.9) | 0.0008 | 2.35 (1.35–4.11) | 0.0027 |
| Own car to clinicx % (SD) | 13 (1.8) | 20 (3.2) | 9.7 (1.7) | 0.0032 | ||
| Any car to clinicxi % (SD) | 14 (1.6) | 21 (3.2) | 11 (1.8) | 0.0034 | ||
| Bus/minibus to clinic % (SD) | 84 (1.7) | 78 (3.3) | 87 (1.9) | 0.014 | ||
The multivariate model includes variables found significant (p<0.05) in univariate analysis, excluding variables with significant colinearity. Education was forced in multivariate models despite borderline significance
for each increasing year
”No Income” refers to the patient having no income from any source
“Unemployed” does not include those who are students or are retired
Employment categorical variable includes basic, skilled, and professional labor categories
Family (non-spouse) pays for care: dichotomous variable consisting of family pays for care vs all other payers
Living situation categorical variable includes: owns home, rents home, stays with friends, stays with family, stays with employer
”dependent living” indicates a dependent living situation, meaning living with family or friends as opposed to other living situations such as owning or renting a home
”In a relationship” includes both married and non-married couples who self-identified as having a partner
“Own car to clinic” indicates the subject uses his or her own car to get to clinic