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. 2014 Oct 14;11:173. doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0173-8

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© Cai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Typical images of immune cell distribution in the cochlea. (A) Distribution of immune cells, which were marked by CD45 immunolabeling (green fluorescence marked by arrows) in a whole mount preparation of the cochlea. The tissue was doubly labeled with propidium iodide (red fluorescence), a nuclear dye, to illustrate the tissue structure. Immune cells are present in the lateral wall, the sensory epithelium and the spiral osseous lamina. (B) Typical images showing the location of immune cells in the region of the sensory epithelium. Top panel: a surface view of the basilar membrane. The immune cells labeled with CD45 (red fluorescence) reside alongside spindle-shaped mesothelial cells. The arrow points to an immune cell. The middle panel: a side view of the basilar membrane presented in the top panel. The bottom panel: a schematic drawing of the middle panel image. The arrow points to the immune cell illustrated also in the middle panel. Note that this immune cell is located in the scala tympani side of the basilar membrane.