Table 2.
Factors associated with 6-month tobacco abstinence among IDP smoking cessation program participants (N = 123)1.
| Variable | Abstinent | Nonabstinent | P-value2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 20) | (N = 97) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | ||
| Demographic factors | |||||
| Age | 50.2 (11.2) | 49.9 (8.7) | 0.54 | ||
| Male sex | 10 (50.0) | 55 (53.4) | 0.78 | ||
| Black race/ethnicity | 17 (85.0) | 88 (85.4) | 1.0 | ||
| Insurance status, any | 17 (85.0) | 70 (68.0) | 0.13 | ||
| HIV-related factors | |||||
| CD4, cells/μL3 | 606 (359) | 525 (316) | 0.33 | ||
| Virologic suppression on HAART4 | 18 (90.0) | 74 (75.5) | 0.24 | ||
| Psychosocial factors | |||||
| History of mental illness | 7 (35.0) | 57 (55.3) | 0.10 | ||
| History of depression | 6 (30.0) | 47 (45.6) | 0.20 | ||
| History of anxiety | 3 (15.0) | 24 (23.3) | 0.56 | ||
| Current alcohol use | 2 (10.0) | 13 (12.6) | 1.0 | ||
| Current marijuana use | 2 (10.0) | 9 (8.7) | 1.0 | ||
| Current cocaine use | 3 (15.0) | 6 (5.8) | 0.16 | ||
| Current heroin use | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 1.0 | ||
| Alcohol use, any | 9 (45.0) | 42 (40.8) | 0.75 | ||
| Marijuana use, any | 4 (20.0) | 29 (28.2) | 0.45 | ||
| Cocaine use, any | 6 (30.0) | 65 (63.1) | 0.01 | ||
| Heroin use, any | 4 (20.0) | 47 (45.6) | 0.03 | ||
| Tobacco-related factors | |||||
| Cigarettes/day | 10.5 (6.2) | 11.1 (7.6) | 0.83 | ||
| Age started smoking | 16.3 (4.2) | 16.4 (4.6) | 0.93 | ||
| Prior quit attempts | 1.6 (1.3) | 2.2 (2.8) | 0.35 | ||
| Mean FTND (SD)5 | 3.8 (1.9) | 4.7 (2.2) | 0.05 | ||
| Mean importance of quitting smoking (SD)6 | 9.0 (1.5) | 9.2 (1.6) | 0.68 | ||
| Mean confidence in quitting smoking (SD)6 | 8.5 (2.0) | 7.6 (2.4) | 0.11 | ||
| Other household smokers | 6 (30.0) | 47 (45.6) | 0.20 | ||
| Preparation stage of change7 | 19 (95.0) | 74 (72.6) | 0.04 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy prescribed | 18 (90.0) | 78 (75.7) | 0.16 | ||
SD: standard deviation; FTND: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.
16 participants who did not complete 6 month f/u were classified as nonabstinent.
2By chi-square or 2-sided Fisher's exact for categorical variables and Kruskall-Wallis for continuous variables.
3Last documented CD4 cells/μL during study period.
4Defined by HIV VL <400 copies/mL on HAART.
5As measured by the modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND); score of ≥5 indicates significant nicotine dependence; score of ≤4 indicates low-moderate nicotine dependence.
60–10 Likert scale belief items with higher numbers indicating more importance or confidence.
7As measured by Stage of Change short form, excluding 1 missing value.