Table 1.
Subject characteristics.
| All | MZ | DZ | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (men/women) | 244 (110/134) | 96 (51/44) | 148 (59/90) | - |
| n (in pairs/single twins) | 156/88 | 66/30 | 90/58 | - |
| Age (years) | 73.4 ± 5.2 | 73.8 ± 4.9 | 73.2 ± 5.4 | 0.36 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 3.2 | 26.1 ± 4.0 | 0.97 |
| Birth weight (g) | 2641.0 ± 446.7 | 2608.6 ± 469.7 | 2659.8 ± 431.9 | 0.50 |
| 2 h OGTT glucose (mmol/L) | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 8.0 ± 3.5 | 8.5 ± 4.0 | 0.37 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.02 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.53 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 0.89 |
| miR-103 (RQ) | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 0.03 |
| miR-143 (RQ) | 3.2 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 0.54 |
| miR-483-3p (RQ) | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 0.88 |
| n (diabetes) | 31 (13%) | 9 (9%) | 22 (15%) | - |
| n (IGT) | 72 (30%) | 32 (33%) | 41 (28%) | - |
| n (NGT) | 139 (57%) | 54 (56%) | 85 (57%) | - |
Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were tested using Welch’s two sample t-test in R. p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant and displayed in bold. Body mass index (BMI), plasma glucose measured at 2 h in an oral glucose tolerance test (2 h OGTT glucose), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), relative normalized quantities of miRNA (RQ). Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was defined as 2 h glucose <7.8 mmol/L, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was defined as 2 h glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L and <11.1 mmol/L. Diabetes was defined as 2 h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L.