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. 2014 Sep 1;11(9):9008–9023. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110909008

Table 3.

Baseline characteristics compared for students who had ever smoked versus those who had never smoked cigarettes.

Characteristic Had Smoked Had Never Smoked Chi-sq (p)
(n = 290) (n = 525)
N (%) N (%)
School year
Grade 7
Grade 8
118 (41%)
172 (59%)
281 (54%)
244 (46%)
11.81 (<0.001)
School
A
B (Low SES **)
C (USAID)
D
45 (16%)
115 (40%)
54 (19%)
76 (26%)
68 (13%)
183 (35%)
154 (28%)
120 (23%)
11.33 (0.01)
Asthma Diagnosis
No asthma
Diagnosed asthma
Symptoms only
204 (70%)
54 (19%)
32 (11%)
412 (78%)
43 (8%)
70(13%)
19.50(<0.001)
Exposed to smoking ≥1 day/week * 214 (74%) 345 (66%) 5.29 (0.10)
Water-pipe use 209 (72%) 187 (36%) 97.90 <0.001)

* Numbers represent students who only reported at least one family member who is a smoker, students may have reported more than one family member, ** Socioeconomic status.