Table 3.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress obtained from controls and subjects after an acute myocardial infarction.
| Biomarkers | Controls | Post-infarction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Smokers (n = 25) |
Smokers (n = 16) |
Non-Smokers (n = 27) |
Smokers (n = 31) |
|
| MDA (µmol/L) | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 0.7 | 11.7 ± 0.8 a | 11.7 ± 0.9 b |
| SOD (U/mg protein) | 13.8 ± 1.2 | 21.5 ± 1.9 c | 10.3 ± 1.1 a | 12.7 ± 1.2 b |
| CAT (U/mg protein) | 12.1 ± 1.0 | 10.5 ± 1.0 | 30.2 ± 1.8 a | 30.2 ± 2.1 b |
| GPx (µmol NADPH/min/mg protein) | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 0.7 a | 12.0 ± 0.7 b |
| Vitamin E (µmol/L) | 29.6 ± 2.0 | 34.0 ± 2.2 | 31.4 ± 2.7 | 30.1 ± 2.4 |
| Retinol (µmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 |
| β-Carotene (µmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 0.74 ± 0.07 | 0.4 ± 0.1 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 b |
| Lycopene (µmol/L) | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
Notes: Results are expressed as mean ± SE (standard error). a p < 0.05 when compared to non-smokers controls; b p < 0.05 when compared to smokers controls; c p < 0.05 when compared to non-smokers controls (ANOVA/Bonferroni).