Table 3.
Drop-out rates, pretreatment and posttreatment scores (mean, SD), and effect sizes of pretreatment versus posttreatment and treatment versus waiting list or other treatment, recovery and improvement rates on PTSD symptom severity (completers and intention-to-treat) per included study
| Posttreatment score | Effect size | Post | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEASURE/Prescore | Completer | ITT | pre vs post (Cohen's d) | treatment vs. control (Cohen's d corrected) | Recovery rate | Improvement rate | |||||||||||
| Treatment or WL | N (N completer) | Drop-out | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | Completer | ITT | Completer | ITT | Completer | ITT | Completer | ITT | |
| Zlotnick et al., 1997 (A) |
AM TAU+WL |
24 (16) 24 (17) |
33% 29% |
DTS
66.9 74.7 |
22.00 25.83 |
45.76 73.06 |
34.12 29.86 |
52.2a 73.5 |
0.91 0.07 |
0.63a 0.05 |
0.84 |
0.58a |
87% 41% |
61%a 30% |
– |
– |
|
| Classen et al., 2001 (B) |
TFT+PFT WL only |
14+7 34 |
NR |
TSC-40
g
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
8.1 3.8 |
17.0 14.1 |
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
– – |
| Cloitre et al., 2002 (B) |
STAIR+PE WL only STAIR+PE WL only |
31 (22) 27 (24) |
29% 11% |
MPSS-SR
69 73 CAPS 69 69 |
16.6 18.6 16.3 16.6 |
29 58 31 62 |
27.6 28.6 25.2 22.7 |
40.6a 59.7 42.0 62.7 |
2.31 0.87 2.36 0.43 |
1.64a 0.77 1.68 0.39 |
1.45 1.93 |
0.87a 1.29 |
77% 25% |
55%a 22% |
46% 4% |
33%a 4% |
|
| Chard, 2005 (B) |
CPT-SA WL (MA) CPT-SA WL (MA) |
36 (30) 35 (28) |
17% 20% |
CAPS
65.5 68.3 MPSS-SR 57.6 57.5 |
26.4 23.7 22.9 24.7 |
9.00 63.0 7.54 57.7 |
11.0 30.7 9.51 27.5 |
18.4a 64.0 15.9 57.7 |
2.29 0.22 2.14 −0.01 |
1.91a 0.17 1.78 −0.01 |
2.07 2.15 |
1.73a 1.79 |
93% 26% |
78%a 21% |
79% 4% |
66%a 3% |
|
| McDonagh et al., 2005 (A) |
CBT PCT WL only |
29 (17) 22 (20) 23 (20) |
41% 9% 13% |
CAPS
67.1 67.5 70.0 |
18.4 15.1 16.9 |
38.5 44.9 62.5 |
27.7 22.1 17.0 |
53.1 47.2 65.5 |
28.8 22.4 18.6 |
1.75 1.39 0.44 |
1.03 1.26 0.40 |
1.29 0.93 0.37c |
0.63 0.86 −0.23c |
47% 35% 20% |
28% 32% 17% |
– |
– |
| Cloitre et al., 2010 (A) |
STAIR/PE STAIR/Sup Sup/PE STAIR/PE STAIR/Sup Sup/PE |
33 (28) 38 (28) 33 (20) |
15% 26% 39% |
CAPS
63.1 64.3 64.5 PTSD-SR 36.7 39.9 38.2 |
18.3 21.2 15.9 12.9 12.7 11.1 |
27.3b 20.9 23.6 9.95 5.43 6.52 |
|
32.7 32.3 39.7 14.0 14.5 19.0 |
19.4 23.0 18.3 11.5 12.8 9.83 |
1.94b 2.35 2.22 2.21 2.85 2.84 |
1.65 1.73 1.34 1.87 2.10 1.59 |
−0.28d 0.14e −0.41f −0.64d 0.23e −0.41f |
0.30d 0.39e −0.09f −0.22d 0.51e 0.29f |
72%b 64% 55% |
61% 47% 33% |
32%b 33% 10% |
27% 24% 6% |
| Dorrepaal et al., 2012 (A) |
CBT group TAU+WL |
38 (31) 33 (29) |
18% 12% |
DTS crsf 91.4 80.5 |
21.8 23.1 |
66.7 65.5 |
29.4 30.3 |
69.6 66.5 |
27.4 29.8 |
1.12 0.68 |
0.99 0.63 |
0.44 |
0.35 |
– |
– |
55% 24% |
45% 21% |
AM=affect management; CAPS=Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CBT=cognitive behavioral therapy; CPT-SA=cognitive processing therapy for sexual abuse survivors; DTS=Davidson Trauma Scale; ITT=intention-to-treat; M=mean; MA=minimal attention; MPSS-SR=Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale—Self-Report; NR=not reported; PTSD-SR=PTSD Self-Report; PE=prolonged exposure; PFT=present focused therapy; SD=standard deviation; STAIR= Skills Training in Affect and Interpersonal Regulation; TAU=treatment as usual; TSC-40=Trauma Symptom Checklist-40; TFT=trauma focused therapy; WL=waiting list.
Mean ITT is estimated from mean completers, N ITT and N completers, assuming non-completers did not change;
mean completers is estimated from mean ITT, N completers and N ITT, assuming non-completers did not change;
CBT vs. PCT;
STAIR/PE vs. Sup/PE;
STAIR/Sup vs. Sup/PE;
STAIR/PE vs. STAIR/Sup;
change scores as reported in article, unknown if standardized.