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. 2014 Oct 16;10(10):e1004687. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004687

Figure 1. Deletion of Gpr177 in embryonic epidermis results in skin defects attributing to hypoplastic spinous layer.

Figure 1

(A–C, A′–C′) Immunofluorscence (red) of Gpr177 expression in epidermis (arrows) and underling dermis (arrowheads) in dorsal skin of embryonic limb between E11.5 and E13.5. Note that in Gpr177K14 mutant, K14-Cre deleted Gpr177 specifically in epidermis of limb at E12.5 and E13.5 (B′ and C′). (D–E, D′–E′) Scanning electronic microscopic images show loss of nail and lack of skin wrinkles in the Gpr177K14 limb. Note obvious edematous limb surface in the mutants (E′) as compared to wild type controls (E). (F, F′) Skeletal staining by Alcian blue (blue) and Alizarian Red (red) shows comparable skeletal patterning in the Gpr177K14 and control limbs (C and F). (G, G′) H&E staining shows the hypoplastic limb skin of Gpr177K14 mice at E18.5. (H, H′) BrdU incorporation assay shows the cell proliferation in the Gpr177K14 limb skin. (I–M, I′–M′) Immunohistochemistry shows expression of KRT5 (red) for basal cells, KRT1 (red) and KRT10 (green) for spinous layer, Loricrin for granular layer (red), and laminin 1 (green) for the presence of basal membrane (green). Bars: 50 µm.