Table 3. Variables associated with SFTS, univariate analysis, central and eastern China, 2011.
| Factor | Case group (n = 134) | Control group (n = 288) |
|
P value | OR |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 73(54.5%) | 160(55. 6%) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Female | 61(45.5%) | 128(44.4%) | |||
| Age range in years | 47.6∼70.1 | 48.3∼70.4 | - | - | - |
| Residence | |||||
| Rural | 134(100.0%) | 284(98.6%) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Urban | 0(0) | 4(1.4%) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 134(100.0%) | 284(98.6%) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Other | 0(0) | 4(1.4%) | |||
| Occupation | |||||
| Farmer | 119(88.8%) | 169(58.7%) | 38.3 | <0.01 | 1.5 |
| Other | 15(11.2) | 119(41.3%) | |||
| Patients among relatives or neighbors * | 2(1.5%) | 5(1.7%) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Leaving place in the previous month * | 7(5.2%) | 26(9.0%) | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Domestic animals | |||||
| Owned dogs | 70(52.2%) | 107(37.2%) | 8.6 | <0.01 | 1.9 |
| Captive or not* | 63(90.0%) | 71(66.4%) | 12.9 | <0.01 | 4.6 |
| Presence of tick on dogs | 26(37.1%) | 21(19.6%) | 6.7 | <0.01 | 2.4 |
| Contact with a dog 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 49(70.0%) | 43(40.2%) | 15.1 | <0.01 | 3.5 |
| Owned cats | 41(30.6%) | 32(11.1%) | 24.3 | <0.01 | 3.5 |
| Free-roaming or not* # | 38(92.7%) | 26(81.3%) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.9 |
| Presence of ticks on cats# | 3(7.3%) | 4(12.5%) | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Contact with a cat 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 24(58.5%) | 7(21.9%) | 9. 9 | <0.01 | 5.0 |
| Owned cattle | 48(35.8%) | 32(11.1%) | 36.3 | <0.01 | 4.5 |
| Been guarded or not* # | 43(89.9%) | 28(87.5%) | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| Presence of tick on cattle | 28(58.3%) | 14(43.8%) | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.8 |
| Contact with a cattle 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 33(68.8%) | 24(75.0%) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Owned goats | 12(9.0%) | 16(5. 6%) | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
| Owned pigs | 40(29.9%) | 47(16.3%) | 10.2 | <0.01 | 2.2 |
| Captive or not* # | 3(7.3%) | 7(15.9%) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Presence of tick on the pigs# | 2(5.0%) | 2(4.7%) | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Contacting with a pig 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 25(62.5%) | 19(40.4%) | 4.2 | <0.05 | 2.5 |
| Poultry | 53(39.6%) | 63(21.9%) | 14.3 | <0.01 | 2.3 |
| Captive or not* | 45(84.9%) | 45(71.4%) | 3.0 | 0.9 | 2.3 |
| Presence of tick on poultry's hide# | 4(7.6%) | 5(7.9%) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Contact with poultry 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 28(52.8%) | 17(27.0%) | 8.1 | <0.01 | 3.0 |
| Rodents | |||||
| Presence of rats in home | 92(68.7%) | 148(51.4%) | 11.1 | <0.01 | 2.0 |
| Touched a rat | 6(6.5%) | 26(17.0%) | 5.6 | <0.05 | 0.3 |
| Touched a dead rat | 4(3.0%) | 7(2.4%) | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Wild animals in the surroundings of household | |||||
| Presence of wild animals | 72(53.7%) | 109(37.9%) | 9.4 | <0.01 | 1.9 |
| Presence of voles | 53(74.6%) | 87(78.4%) | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Presence of hares | 58(81.7%) | 77(69.4%) | 3.4 | 0.1 | 2.0 |
| Muntjacs | 2(2.9%) | 0(0%) | - | 0.2 | - |
| Presence of boars | 35(48.6%) | 32(28.8%) | 7.4 | <0.05 | 2.3 |
| Pheasants | 50(69.4%) | 63(56.7%) | 3.0 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
| Weasels | 33(46.5%) | 48(43.2%) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Owls | 25(35.2%) | 24(21.6%) | 4.1 | <0.05 | 2.0 |
| Snake | 56(78.9%) | 64(57.7%) | 8.7 | <0.01 | 2.7 |
| Hedgehogs | 33(47.8%) | 41(37.3%) | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Practice hunting # * | 4(3.0%) | 2(0.7%) | 2.0 | 0.2 | 4.4 |
| Direct contact with wild animals 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 6(4.5%) | 1(0.4%) | 9.7 | <0.01 | 13.6 |
| Ticks | |||||
| Presence of ticks in households | 75(56.0%) | 62(21.5%) | 49.5 | <0.01 | 4.6 |
| Removed ticks from domestic animals 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 19(14.2%) | 14(4.9%) | 11.0 | <0.01 | 3.2 |
| Tick bites 2 weeks prior to disease onset | 20(14.9%) | 6(2.1%) | 26.1 | <0.01 | 8.3 |
| Environment | |||||
| Worked in the field | 100(74.6%) | 120(41.8%) | 39.4 | <0.01 | 4.1 |
| Worked in hill areas | 69(69.0%) | 72(70.0%) | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Presence of rats in the field# | 37(27.6%) | 31(25.8%) | 3.2 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
| Tea harvesters | 19(14.2%) | 24(8.3%) | 3.4 | 0.1 | 1.8 |
| Presence of weeds and shrubs in working areas | 95(73.6%) | 114(44.4%) | 29.7 | <0.01 | 3.5 |
| Working with protective equipment | 13(9.7%) | 18(6.3%) | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.6 |
| Skin bruises from field work | 25(18.7%) | 23(8.0%) | 10.3 | <0.01 | 2.6 |
| Sit on the grass during work break | 65(48.5%) | 70(24.3%) | 24.6 | <0.01 | 2.9 |
| Other working pattern* | 21(15.7%) | 8(2.8%) | 24.8 | <0.01 | 6.7 |
| Presence of weeds and shrubs around household | 104(77.6%) | 132(45.8%) | 37.5 | <0.01 | 4.1 |
#
means Fisher's Exact Test outcome.
* “Patients among relative or neighbors” means the relative or neighbors of subject of the investigation who may surffer from SFTS.
“leaving place in previous month” means long-distance travel.
“Captive or not” means whether raising animals as pets or feeding animals in a pen.
“Free-roaming or not” means whether cage free.
“Been guarded or not” means whether raising cattles in the cowshed.
“Practice hunting” means hunting is just one's hobby not live by that.
“Other working pattern” means the grazing, hunting and other pattern to work.