Table 3.

Univariate Associations For Baseline Traditional and HIV Infection-related Risk Factors at with Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Progression

Clinical Characteristics and Labs	OR^* (95% CI)	p-value
Age (per 10 years older)	1.79 (1.28, 2.50)	0.001
Male (vs. female)	2.56 (1.06, 6.18)	0.04
Race/ethnicity (white vs. other)	1.80 (0.97, 3.34)	0.06
Smoking (current vs. not)	1.33 (0.75, 2.38)	0.33
Injection drug use (ever vs. never)	0.72 (0.27, 1.91)	0.52
Hepatitis B or C co-infection (vs. not)	1.33 (0.65, 2.73)	0.43
BMI (per kg/m² higher)	0.62 (0.21, 1.79)	0.37
Diabetes (vs. not)	1.86 (0.81, 4.27)	0.15
Blood pressure-lowering therapy (vs. not)	1.92 (1.03, 3.59)	0.04
Lipid-lowering therapy (vs. not)	2.68 (1.29, 5.53)	0.01
Framingham Risk Score (per unit higher)	1.29 (1.05, 1.59)	0.02
LDL-C (per mg/dL higher)	0.62 (0.35, 1.09)	0.10
Total-to-HDL-C ratio (per unit higher)	0.99 (0.53, 1.84)	0.97

HIV Infection-related Parameters at Baseline

Duration of HIV diagnosis (per year)	1.10 (1.04, 1.16)	<0.001
Prior AIDS-defining event (vs. not)	1.33 (0.71, 2.49)	0.38
Baseline CD4+ count (per 100 cells/mm³ higher)	1.40 (0.95, 2.07)	0.09
Nadir CD4+ count (per 100 cells/mm³ higher)	1.01 (0.86, 1.19)	0.90
HIV RNA viral load <400 copies/mL (vs. not)	1.14 (0.60, 2.17)	0.70
Duration of ART exposure (per year)	1.19 (1.07, 1.33)	0.002
Baseline ART use (vs. not)	1.79 (0.82, 3.93)	0.15
Abacavir use (vs. not)	0.90 (0.45, 1.79)	0.77
PI use (vs. not)	0.47 (0.24, 0.92)	0.03

OR represents likelihood of a significant 2-year change in CAC, defined as incident or significant progression in CAC; BMI = Body Mass Index; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; ART = combination antiretroviral therapy