Table 1. Parameter values and references.

L	maximum rate of egg laying	2000 eggs/day	[10]
W	number of hive bees for 50% egg survival	5000 bees	[10]
Rb	baseline recruitment rate	25%/day	[30]
αf	maximum additional recruitment in absence of food	25%/day	[31]
αF	effect of excess foragers on recruitment	75%/day	[10]
m	natural death rate of foragers (active season)	14%/day	[32]
mw	natural death rate of foragers and hive bees (winter)	0.56%/day	[29]
b	mass of food stored for 50% egg survival	500 g	[11]
c	food gathered per day per forager	0.1 g/day	[33]
γ	daily food requirement per adult bee	0.007 g	[11]
dH	death rate of hive bees due to infection	14%/day	[35]
dF	death rate of foragers due to infection	14%/day	[35]
βHH	disease transmission rate: hive bee to hive bee	variable
βHF	disease transmission rate: hive bee to forager	variable
βFH	disease transmission rate: forager to hive bee	variable
βFF	disease transmission rate: forager to forager	variable