. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 16.

Published in final edited form as: J Intellect Disabil Res. 2011 Jan 18;55(3):324–338. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01363.x

Table 3.

Results of conditional growth models with positive affect as a time-varying covariate of social skills

Model	Variable	Cooperation	Assertion	Responsibility	Self-control
Mother positive affect	Intercept	12.06^*** (0.42)	15.93^*** (0.43)	11.92^*** (0.41)	12.72^*** (0.47)
	By status^‡	−2.48^** (0.74)	−2.52^** (0.82)	−2.66^** (0.76)	−2.62^** (0.89)
	By education	−0.12 (0.14)	0.02 (0.16)	–	0.33^† (0.18)
	Slope	0.02 (0.10)	0.004 (0.09)	0.47^*** (0.09)	0.11 (0.11)
	By status^‡	0.27 (0.18)	0.12 (0.17)	0.22 (0.17)	0.39^* (0.18)
	By education	−0.10^* (0.05)	−0.09^* (0.04)	–	−0.08^† (0.04)
	Mom positive affect	−0.04 (0.14)	−0.03 (0.13)	0.26^* (0.11)	0.17 (0.16)
	By status^‡	0.08 (0.27)	−0.03 (0.27)	−0.56^* (0.24)	−0.26 (0.31)
	By education	0.05 (0.05)	0.06 (0.05)	–	−0.10 (0.07)
Father positive affect	Intercept	12.56^*** (0.40)	16.35^*** (0.40)	12.35^*** (0.45)	13.67^*** (0.45)
	By status^‡	−3.21^*** (0.69)	−3.20^*** (0.79)	−4.24^*** (0.77)	−3.84^*** (0.77)
	By education	–	0.22^* (0.11)	–	–
	Slope	−0.01 (0.12)	0.03 (0.09)	0.55^*** (0.10)	0.16 (0.12)
	By status^‡	0.48^** (0.18)	0.14 (0.20)	−0.02 (0.19)	0.41^* (0.19)
	By education	–	−0.00 (0.03)	–	–
	Dad positive affect	−0.29^* (0.13)	−0.23 (0.14)	0.07 (0.15)	−0.22 (0.14)
	By status^‡	0.33 (0.27)	0.15 (0.28)	0.07 (0.28)	0.13 (0.25)
	By education	–	−0.06 (0.04)	–	–

Coefficients are unstandardised and standard errors are in parentheses.

^†

P < 0.10,

P < 0.05,

^**

P < 0.01,

^***

P < 0.001.

^‡

Status was coded as TD = 0, ID = 1; ‘by status’ coefficients denote ID coefficient – TD coefficient.

TD, typical development; ID, intellectual disability.