Table 3. Influence of the frequency at which the doctors accepted gifts on the number of prescriptions, the daily doses (defined daily dose, DDD) and expenditure per patient (means +/− SD).

		Average number of prescriptions per patient during the assessment period			Average expenditure (€) per patient during the assessment period			Average DDD (mg) per patient during the assessment period
		On-patent branded drugs	Off-patentbrandeddrugs	Generics	On-patent branded drugs	Off-patent branded drugs	Generics	On-patent branded drugs	Off-patentbrandeddrugs	Generics
Payments forinterviews	Occasionally. Rarely (N = 33)	1.3±0.7	0.8±0.2	5.4±1.6	210.9±281.0	38.2±35.6	126.5±40.0	79.3±47.1	38.1±14.9	358.4±134.6
	Stat. difference	p = .063	p = .065	p = .690	p = .815	p = .360	p = .861	p = .079	p = .024	p = .551
	Never (N = 126)	1.1±0.4	0.7±0.3	5.2±1.9	230.7±332.4	36.9±37.8	125.3±35.3	68.0±27.6	31.5±14.9	385.5±147.5
Officestationery	Always. Frequently (N = 62)	1.2±0.4	0.7±0.2	5.7±1.7	185.2±216.8	38.8±34.6	134.3±36.7	70.0±24.3	36.5±14.9	385.5±147.5
	Stat. difference	p = .891	p = .025	p = .008	p = .419	p = .049	p = .014	p = .910	p = .015	p =  0.004
	Occasionally. Rarely (N = 97)	1.2±0.5	0.6±0.3	5.0±1.8	253.1±372.4	36.1±39.0	119.9±34.9	70.6±37.3	30.5±14.8	319.4±133.7
Objects	Always. Frequently. Occasionally. Rarely (N = 114)	1.2±0.5	0.7±0.3	5.4±1.8	206.4±234.4	37.4±34.1	129±37.8	72.1±34.7	33.3±15.3	352.9±148.4
	Stat. difference	p = .448	p = .736	p = .291	p = .834	p = .406	p = .047	p = .248	p = .477	p = .192
	Never (N = 42)	1.1±0.5	0.7±0.3	5.0±1.7	260.2±461.1	35.5±43.6	123.8±37.2	65.2±27.2	31.4±14.5	319.8±114.3
Drugsamples	Always (N = 30)	1.2±0.4	0.7±0.2	5.7±1.4	159.6±124.2	30.0±14.1	132.9±31.2	75.0±23.6	33.4±13.2	387.2±129.8
	Stat. difference	p = .501	p = .477	p = .069	p = .607	p = .794	p = .217	p = .395	p = .821	p = .073
	Frequently. Occasionally. Rarely. Never (N = 129)	1.2±0.5	0.7±0.3	5.2±1.9	242.2±350.7	38.8±40.6	123.8±37.2	69.3±34.5	32.7±15.6	335.4±144.0
Dinnerinvitations	Occasionally. Rarely (N = 71)	1.2±0.4	0.7±0.2	5.2±1.8	214.3±260.6	40.6±35.6	125.5±38.5	73.1±27.7	35.8±14.2	346.9±147.8
	Stat. difference	p = .743	p = .058	p = .674	p = .428	p = .018	p = .988	p = .335	p = .025	p = .900
	Never (N = 88)	1.2±0.6	0.6±0.3	5.3±1.8	236.6±364.8	34.4±38.5	125.6±34.5	68.1±36.3	30.4±15.5	380.1±143.0
SponsoredCME	Frequently. Occasionally. Rarely (N = 95)	1.3±0.5	0.7±0.3	5.0±1.7	274.6±385.2	43.8±43.2	123.5±37.8	75.3±36.7	33.9±15.0	323.5±139.5
	Stat. difference	p =  .005	p = .183	p = .017	p = .025	p =  .002	p = .292	p = .022	p = .260	p = .015
	Never (N = 62)	1.1±0.3	0.6±0.3	5.7±1.8	157.4±174.4	27.4±23.2	129.7±33.6	63.1±24.4	31.1±15.3	380.1±143.0

The p-values result from two-sided tests comparing the means reported above and below. Differences nominally significant at a level of p≤0.005 (see methods) are reported with a bold font p-value.