Table 3. Relative contributions to limb shortening.
| Outcome | Joint | Control | Stroke | Overall test | Sig |
|
|
| Paretic | Peak LS sensitivity timing (% GC) | Knee† | 74.81 (0.86) | 72.41 (3.28) | F (1,30) = 604.84 | p<0.0001† | 2.51 |
| Ankle† | 71.83 (0.86) | 74.74 (3.18) | |||||
| Angle at LSmax (degrees) | Hip | 22.94 (11.43) | 25.60 (8.92) | F (2,30) = 24.30 | p<0.0001† | 0.70 | |
| Knee† | 50.02 (10.73) | 23.90 (14.33) | |||||
| Ankle | −0.25 (2.93) | −5.42 (6.90) | |||||
| LS sensitivity at LSmax (m/deg) | Knee† | −0.14 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.06) | F (1,30) = 34.29 | p<0.0001† | 0.59 | |
| Ankle | −0.06 (0.01) | −0.09 (0.02) | |||||
| Influence of LS sensitivity (m) | Knee | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.003 (0.01) | F (1,30) = 0.65 | p = 0.43 | ||
| Ankle | −0.002 (0.003) | 0.0005 (0.002) | |||||
| Nonparetic | Peak LS sensitivity timing (% GC) | Knee† | 75.76 (1.74) | 83.64 (1.62) | F (1,30) = 17.97 | p = 0.0002† | 0.42 |
| Ankle† | 73.05 (2.43) | 82.44 (2.45) | |||||
| Angle at LSmax (degrees) | Hip† | 22.57 (7.18) | 36.88 (12.43) | F (2,30) = 13.96 | p<0.0001† | 0.52 | |
| Knee | 49.68 (8.68) | 49.90 (11.32) | |||||
| Ankle | −0.63 (2.39) | −2.21 (4.99) | |||||
| LS sensitivity at LSmax (m/deg) | Knee | −0.14 (0.03) | −0.13 (0.04) | F (1,30) = 1.28 | p = 0.27 | ||
| Ankle | −0.06 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.02) | |||||
| Influence of LS sensitivity (m) | Knee | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.03) | F (1,30) = 0.01 | p = 0.91 | ||
| Ankle | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.002 (0.01) |
Cohen’s 
effect size for factorial ANOVA.
†
significant statistical interaction (group × joint) and the location of effect revealed upon post-hoc testing.
LS: limb shortening.
LSmax: maximal limb shortening.
Data are mean (sd). Control values reflect the limb against which the stroke limb was tested (i.e., the right limb was designated for comparison against the paretic limb). Note paretic knee flexion and its contribution to limb shortening are limited post-stroke. Nonparetic hip flexion is exaggerated post-stroke.