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. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e110542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110542

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© 2014 Ko et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Western blot analysis showing that treating SAS cells with AGEs for 24 hours resulted in increased ERK phosphorylation (A). Pretreatment with PD98059 for 1 hour reduced ERK phosphorylation, MMP2 and MMP9 (B and C) as well as cell migration (D); however RAGE levels still increased (E).