. 2014 Oct 1;7:455–465. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S69520

Table 6.

Effect of the most frequent potential diabetes and nondiabetes-related comorbidities on health care costs among patients with diabetes

Health care costs^†	Diabetes + hyperacidity related disorders ^‡		Diabetes + respiratory illness^‡		Diabetes + glaucoma ^‡		Diabetes + thyroid disorders^‡		Diabetes + gout, hyperuricemia^‡
Health care costs^†	Coefficient, US$	95% confidence interval	Coefficient, US$	95% confidence interval	Coefficient, US$	95% confidence interval	Coefficient, US$	95% confidence interval	Coefficient, US$	95% confidence interval
Total health care costs	8,753^***	8,512–8,998	5,540^***	5,139–5,953	2,692^***	2,278–3,120	2,883^***	2,452–3,331	2,056^***	1,618–2,510
Outpatient care costs (total)	3,060^***	2,960–3,163	1,909^***	1,744–2,077	1,956^***	1,763–2,155	868^***	694–1,047	1,035^***	844–1,234
Inpatient care costs	3,625^***	3,623–3,626	1,839^***	1,838–1,841	91^***	89–94	925^***	923–927	271^***	265–270
Prescription drug costs	1,921^***	1,866–1,976	1,569^***	1,473–1,669	6,601^***	567–757	732^***	630–835	825^***	716–938
Laboratory costs	257^***	248–268	153^***	136–169	19^*	4–34	158^***	139–179	177^***	155–199

Notes:

^†

Controlled for age and sex;

^‡

patients with diabetes and without the given comorbidity as reference group.

P-value, ≤0.05;

^***

P-value, ≤0.001.