Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients predicting cause-specific mortality

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Circulatory Disease (Deaths N= 1,420)
Literacy	0.102	0.105	0.109+	0.103	0.113+
Economic independence	−0.204***	−0.212***	−0.199***	−0.158*	−0.164*
Income	−0.013	−0.013	−0.012	−0.009	−0.007
Respiratory disease (Deaths N= 580)
Literacy	0.105	0.105	0.124	0.108	0.125
Economic independence	−0.264**	−0.263**	−0.253**	−0.174+	−0.168+
Income	−0.050	−0.048	−0.047	−0.042	−0.037
Cancer (Deaths N= 225)
Literacy	−0.067	−0.086	−0.029	−0.063	−0.049
Economic independence	−0.136	−0.139	−0.128	−0.002	−0.001
Income	−0.040	−0.042	−0.035	−0.030	−0.026
Diabetes (Deaths N= 145)
Literacy	0.503*	0.488*	0.517*	0.511*	0.510*
Economic independence	−0.096	−0.104	−0.087	0.042	0.042
Income	0.150+	0.146+	0.154+	0.170*	0.169+
Social relations		Yes			Yes
Health behaviors			Yes		Yes
Access to medical care				Yes	Yes

Notes: Also included in the models as covariates were age, sex, ethnicity, and region. Indicators of social relations consist of current marital status, proximity to children, and number of living children; indicators of health behaviors consist of ever smoking, ever drinking alcohol heavily, and ever exercising regularly.

^***<0.001;

^**p<0.01;

^*p<0.05;

⁺p<0.1. N= 12,437

Source: As for Table 1