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Typical chromatograms of “Long-Dan” (A–C), “Qin-Jiao” (D–G) and their adulterants (H–J) at 254 nm. A: G. rigescens (S1); B: G. scabra (S17); C: G. triflora (S18); D: G. crassicaulis (S27); E: G. straminea (S31); F: G. dahurica (S35); G: G. macrophylla (S38); H: G. purdomii (S23); I; G. microdonta (S26); J: G. robusta (S39); 1: loganic acid; 2; swertiamarinin; 3: gentiopicroside; 4: sweroside; 5: 2′-(o,m-dihydroxybenzyl)sweroside
