Table S1.

Operational definitions of violence used in this study based on the World Health Organization’s Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women

Physical violence by an intimate partner

• Was slapped or had something thrown at her that could hurt her

• Was pushed or shoved

• Was hit with fist or something else that could hurt

• Was kicked, dragged or beaten up

• Was choked or burnt on purpose

• Perpetrator threatened to use or actually used a gun, knife, or other weapon against her

Sexual violence by an intimate partner

• Was physically forced to have sexual intercourse when she did not want to

• Had sexual intercourse when she did not want to because she was afraid of what partner might do

• Was forced to do something sexual that she found degrading or humiliating

Emotional (psychological) abuse by an intimate partner

• Was insulted or made to feel bad about herself

• Was belittled or humiliated in front of other people

• Perpetrator had done things to scare or intimidate her on purpose, for example, by the way he looked at her, by yelling, or smashing things

• Perpetrator had threatened to hurt someone she cared about

• Perpetrator had refused to eat food prepared by her

• Perpetrator had refused to come home to meet her